情绪、刺激呈现方式对现实性监控的影响  

The Influence of Emotional-Valence and the Presentation Style of Stimulus on Reality Monitoring

作　　者：聂爱情[1] 叶艳[1] 王志轩[1] 王诗晗[1] 梁君英[1] 张德林[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028 [2]浙江大学附属第一医院麻醉科,杭州310003

出　　处：《应用心理学》2012年第3期239-248,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y12C090015);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(09YJCXLX026);浙江省哲学社会科学规划立项课题(11JCJY01YB)

摘　　要：以往的来源记忆研究大多以词汇和图形等为实验材料,意义丰富的声音材料尚未涉及。本实验采用中国情感数据声音系统的声音为材料,分析了情绪效价、编码和测验阶段的刺激呈现方式等对区分听觉和想象两种不同来源的现实性监控的影响。实验含编码和测验两阶段,编码任务是听声音或根据提供的文字想象声音,并判断刺激的情绪效价;测验阶段则要求被试听声音或根据文字想象声音,并做出"听过"、"想象过"或"新项目"的三项选择判断。结果显示,想象刺激低于听觉形式获得刺激的提取成绩;情绪效价显著影响听过项目的提取绩效;编码与测验刺激呈现方式匹配条件的来源监控成绩较高;恐惧刺激的判断快于厌恶刺激。上述结果表明:内部来源与外部来源提取是两种不同的活动,情绪效价对区分上述两种任务的现实性监控具有调节作用,编码与提取刺激呈现方式匹配与否对提取结果的影响明显,恐惧刺激的加工相对优先。Previous reality monitoring investigations mainly used words and pictures as stimuli, while that for meaningful voices has not been reported. The primary goal of the current experiment was to explore the differences be- tween the retrieval of the internal and the external sources that reflected the reality monitoring by using meaningful voices as stimuli, and the modulation of the emotional-valence and the stimuh presentation style on this processing were manipulated simultaneously. Dur- ing the encoding stage, subjects were instructed to im- age the voices for visually presented words or to hear the voices presented aurally, and the task was to evalu- ate the emotional-valence for each stimulus. The stimuli during the retrieval stage were also presented in the same manners as that during the encoding stage, and the task was to differentiate the stimuli previously imaged from the heard ones and the new ones. The results showed that： 1 ） the retrieval accuracy for the imaged stimuli was much lower than other stimuli,2） the regu- lation of emotional-valence on the above results was re- liable,3） the performance was much higher when the presentation styles were matched between the encoding and the retrieval stages and 4） for the negative stimuli, the response was better for the fear than the disgusted ones. These findings demonstrate that the ability to dis- criminate the internal from the external source is more difficult, and such discrimination is regulated by both the emotional-valence of stimuli and the matching of the stimulus presentation styles between the encoding and the retrieval stages.

关 键 词：现实性监控 情绪 声音 想象 刺激呈现方式 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]