不同年龄段小学生的一般信任倾向及同伴关系  

Generalized trust beliefs and peer relationship in primary school children with different age

作　　者：徐芬[1] 汤玉龙[1] 蒋文明[2,3] 马凤玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学心理系,杭州310018 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [3]安徽大学哲学系,合肥230039

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2013年第3期203-207,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目--幼儿及小学儿童基于可信特征的信任判断以及信任倾向的发展研究(31170996);浙江省自然科学基金项目--基于可信特征的信任判断的发展研究(Y2110369)

摘　　要：目的:考察不同年龄段小学生的一般信任倾向及其与同伴关系的关系,以理解信任在同伴关系发展中的作用。方法:选取8岁、10岁、12岁小学生共436名,采用儿童一般信任倾向问卷(CGTB)、同伴接纳测试及友谊质量问卷(FQQ)进行测查。并按受试在CGTB上的得分,将其分成高中低三组信任倾向水平。结果:3个年龄组学生的CGTB得分差异有统计学意义,以8岁组得分最低,12岁组得分最高[(3.1±0.6)vs.(3.5±0.4)vs.(3.8±0.5),均P<0.001]。3个年龄组中,CGTB得分均与同伴接纳水平呈正相关(r=0.19～0.30,均P<0.05);在10岁和12岁组,CGTB得分与FQQ得分呈正相关(r=0.25～0.37,均P<0.01)。方差分析表明,3个年龄组中,高信任倾向学生的同伴接纳得分高于中、低信任倾向学生[如,10岁组:(3.6±0.8)vs.(3.1±0.8),(2.7±0.8);均P<0.05];在10岁、12岁年龄组中,高信任倾向学生的积极友谊质量得分高于中、低信任倾向学生[10岁组:(4.0±0.7)vs.(3.6±0.7),(3.2±0.9);12岁组:(4.3±0.5)vs.(3.8±0.7),(3.6±0.7);均P<0.05]。结论:小学生的一般信任倾向存在年龄上的差异,年龄越大,一般信任倾向越高。在各年龄组内,一般信任倾向高的学生其同伴接纳水平也高,但只在中高年龄段才表现出一般信任倾向与积极友谊质量正相关的特点。Objective：To explore the age-related characters of the generalized trust belief in primary school children and the relationship between the generalized trust belief and peer relationships,so as to tentatively know about the function of trust in peer relationship development. Methods： A sample of 436 students aged 8,10 and 12 were selected from a primary school and assessed with the Children＇ s Generalized Trust Beliefs （CGTB）,Peer Acceptance and Friendship Quality Questionnaire （FQQ）.According to the CGTB scores,children were divided into three trust level （high,middle and low） groups. Results： There were differences on CGTB scores between students with different ages,with the lowest in the age-group of 8 years and the highest in the age-group of 12 years group [（3.1±0.6） vs.（3.5±0.4） vs.（3.8±0.5）,Ps〈0.01].The CGTB scores were positively correlated with the peer acceptance scores in the three age-groups （r=0.19-0.30,Ps〈0.05）,and the CGTB scores were positively correlated with the positive friendship quality scores in the age-groups of 10 and 12 years （r=0.25-0.37,Ps〈0.01）.In the three age-groups,the peer acceptance scores were higher in the children with high CGTB scores than in those with middle and low CGTB scores,for example,in age-group of 10,[（3.6±0.8） vs.（3.1±0.8）,（2.7±0.8）,Ps〈0.05].In the age-group of 10 and 12,the friendship quality scores were higher in those with high CGTB scores than in those with middle and low CGTB scores [in age-group of 10,（4.0±0.7） vs.（3.6±0.7）,（3.2±0.9）,Ps〈0.05;in age-group of 12,（4.3±0.5） vs.（3.8±0.7）,（3.6±0.7）,Ps〈0.05]. Conclusion： It suggests that children＇ s generalized trust beliefs are different among different age groups,and the older students may have higher generalized trust beliefs.The students with higher generalized trust beliefs may have better peer acceptance among different age groups,and better friendship quality in older children.

关 键 词：一般信任倾向 同伴关系 同伴接纳 友谊质量 横断面研究 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]