南京市市售蔬菜硝酸盐含量及居民暴露量评估  

The nitrate contents in commercial vegetables and assessment of nitrate exposure in Nanjing residents

作　　者：谢国祥[1] 郭宝福[1] 赵士权[1] 王艳莉[1] 陈辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心,南京210003

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第7期1236-1238,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江苏省卫生厅预防医学基金项目(Y200729);南京市医学科技发展计划项目(ZKX07025);国家科技发展支撑计划(2011BAK21B05)

摘　　要：目的掌握南京市市售蔬菜中硝酸盐污染情况,对居民蔬菜硝酸盐暴露量进行评估。方法在农贸市场和蔬菜批发市场共11个采集点采集10大类,44种蔬菜样品980份,按GB/T5009.33的规定检测蔬菜硝酸盐含量;在4个区县的4个居委会随机抽取各50户居民,以记账法和半定量食物频率法对居民日常蔬菜摄入量进行调查,并据此进行居民蔬菜硝酸盐暴露量评估。结果特菜类(芦蒿)硝酸盐含量最高(中位数达2.64×103mg/kg),其次为叶菜类(中位数为1.60×103mg/kg);硝酸盐含量依次为特菜类﹥叶菜类﹥茎类﹥块根类﹥瓜菜类﹥甘蓝类﹥果菜类﹥豆类﹥鳞茎类﹥菌类;同一类蔬菜不同品种的硝酸盐含量差别较大,同一品种的蔬菜中硝酸盐含量差别也很大。居民每日通过蔬菜摄入的硝酸盐量为463mg(以中位数计),是WHO/FAO推荐ADI值(300mg/d)的1.5倍,其中暴露量居前3位的依次是叶菜类、茎类、块根类。结论南京市市售蔬菜的硝酸盐污染较严重,居民仅由蔬菜摄入的硝酸盐量已明显高于ADI值。OBJECTIVE To know the nitrate contents in vegetables and nitrate exposure in Nanjing residents. METHODS The vegetable samples were collected in 11 markets, and 980 samples in 44 groups of vegetables were analyzed according to GB / T5009.33. Daily consumption of vegetables was calculated by the method of food accountant and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and then daily intake of nitrate was calculated. RESULTS The nitrate content of special vegetables （Lu hao） was highest （2.64×103mg / kg, median）, and the second was leafy vegetables （1.60×103mg / kg, median）. The nitrate contents arranged in the following descendent order： special vegetables﹥leafy vegetables﹥stem vegetables﹥root vegetables﹥melons vegetables﹥cabbage vegetables﹥fruit vegetable﹥beans﹥bulb vegetables﹥fungi vegetables. The contents of nitrate differed greatly in the same category, and also in different varieties. The median daily intake of nitrate via vegetables was 463 mg （median） among Nanjing residents, which exceeded the ADI （300 mg / d） established by WHO / FAO by 1.5 times. The results indicated that the first three exposure were leafy vegetables, stem vegetables and root vegetables. CONCLUSION Nitrate pollution of commercial vegetables in Nanjing is serious. The exposure of nitrate, only via vegetables, greatly exceeds the ADI.

关 键 词：蔬菜 硝酸盐 食品污染 暴露量评估 

分 类 号：R155.54[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]