从明清戏文看泉州方言体标记“咧”的语法化  

The grammaticalization of ‘l? 5 /l 1 ( 咧) ’in the Quanzhou dialect from the evidence of the Quanqiang Scripts in Ming and Qing

作　　者：曾南逸[1] 李小凡[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系

出　　处：《中国语文》2013年第3期205-214,287,共10页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"四百多年来闽南方言词汇语法的历史演变研究(12CYY044)"的资助

摘　　要：泉州方言的虚词"咧"可以标记完成体、进行体和持续体。它与明清泉腔戏文8种相关格式中的"处"平行对应,这8种格式的消长兴替表明,体标记"咧"源于介词结构"在+只/许处"。但"咧"并不是介词"在"的进一步虚化,而是充当介词宾语的处所词"处"的虚化。大约在清末民国时期,"处"的虚化导致了语音演变,最终形成了现代泉州方言体标记"咧"。The particale ‘l? 5 / l 1 ( 咧) ’,which marks perfect,progressive and durative in the Quanzhou dialect, corresponds to ‘t 31 ( 处) ’ in eight constructions of the Quanqiang scripts in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Evidence of the change of the constructions shows that ‘l? 5 / l 1 ( 咧) ’ was derived from the preposition construction ‘tω 22 - 11 + tsi 55 - 24 / hω 55 - 24 t 31 ( 在 + 只/许处) ’. It argues that ‘l? 5 / l 1 ( 咧) ’resulted from the grammaticalization of the location word ‘t 31 ( 处) ’,which is the object of the preposition ‘tω 22 ( 在) ’, instead of the preposition itself. In late Qing and early Republic of China, the grammaticalization of ‘t 31 ( 处) ’led to phonological change and then evolved into the aspect marker ‘l? 5 / l 1 ( 咧) ’in the modern Quanzhou dialect.

关 键 词：泉州方言 体标记 介词结构 方所指代词 语法化 音变 

分 类 号：H177[语言文字—汉语]