唐代道教女信徒的宗教活动及其生活——以墓志材料为中心  

Religious Activity and Life of Female Taoists in the Tang Dynasty——Based on the Materials From Epitaphs

作　　者：焦杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第2期124-129,共6页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目(09YJA770039);国家社会科学基金项目(12BZS029)

摘　　要：从墓志资料来看,唐代道教女信徒有出家为冠、为冠不出家和居家奉教三种,此外还有一些是道教爱好者。未出家但受箓的女冠以及女信徒局限在家中,她们的宗教活动主要包括静室独修、焚香诵经、研习经典、素食戒腥、熏茹不味和拜师学道等几种方式。出家的女道士享有较大的自由,有的居于远离人世的深山独修,有的四处游历寻仙访道,有的广泛结交道友、交流修行心得,一些道行高深、享有威望的女道士还会被推为领袖人物,兴修道观和道场。尊奉道教对唐代女性生活影响很大,有的摆脱传统女性的生活方式,一心追求自己的长视久生;有的在从事传统家庭生活之余,有了自己的理想和追求;有的通过入道为冠逃脱了嫠妇苦守的命运,成为备受敬仰的宗师。According to materials from epitaphs,female Taoists in the Tang Dynasty fell into three groups： those who became Taoists by giving up their homes,those who became Taoists without giving up their homes,and those who practiced Taoism at home.Besides,there were other Taoist enthusiasts.Those registered female Taoists without giving up their homes and those women Taoist followers just at home were engaged mainly in such religious activities as practicing Taoism alone,reading scriptures over burning scent,studying classical scriptures,keeping a vegetarian diet,restraining from meat and fish,and consulting Taoist master.Those female Taoists enjoyed great freedom,practicing Taoism alone in the depths of faraway mountains,seeking the fairy or Taoist master by travelling everywhere,or making friends with many fellow Taoists and exchanging personal understandings.Some female Taoists with profound Taoist attainments and high reputation were even made Taoist leaders,building Taoist temples and rites.Taoist worship greatly influenced the life of women in the Tang Dynasty： some of them broke away from conventional female form of life and attentively sought personal longevity;some cherished their own ideals and expectations in addition to conventional household life,and others escaped from the widow＇s hard persistence by becoming Taoist,ranking themselves among the high-respected Taoist masters.

关 键 词：唐代女性 宗教信仰 道教 墓志 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] B959[历史地理—中国史]