施肥和行距配置对糯玉米群体冠层内微环境及群体干物质积累量的影响  

Effects of fertilization and row spacing on microenvironment within population canopy and dry matter accumulation of waxy maize

作　　者：余海兵[1] 王金顺[2] 任向东[2] 吴丽伟[3] 刘正[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院,凤阳233100 [2]安徽省黄山市农业科学研究所,黄山245011 [3]安徽省水家湖农场,长丰231199

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第5期544-551,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：科技部星火计划;安徽省科技厅农业成果转化基金(12040302001;09150306012和1104b0303003);安徽省教育厅重点自然基金(KJ2008A079);安徽战略创新兴产业项目(11010301026);安徽科技学院作物学重点学科(AKXK2010-1-1);安徽科技学院稳定人才基金(ZRC2010264)资助

摘　　要：在田间试验条件下,以糯玉米"凤糯6号"为试验材料,研究了相同密度下,不同施肥量(600 kg.hm 2、750 kg.hm 2、900 kg.hm 2,基肥、追肥等量)和不同行距配置(50 cm、60 cm、70 cm和80 cm)对糯玉米群体冠层内温度、光照强度、相对湿度、CO2浓度、光温分布以及群体水分利用率、群体干物质积累和蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明:糯玉米群体冠层内微环境除了受灌浆时期、一天中不同时间段影响,还受行距和施肥量影响。行距70 cm时,糯玉米群体冠层内平均温度最小;行距为70 cm、施肥量600 kg.hm 2时,灌浆初期、中期和后期的光照强度都表现出最大值,分别为236.2μmol.m 2.s 1、275.3μmol.m 2.s 1和285.4μmol.m 2.s 1;冠层相对湿度在行距70 cm、施肥量900 kg.hm 2时最大,在灌浆3个时期最高相对湿度分别比最低值高41.99%、33.98%和36.11%;灌浆初期CO2浓度最大值发生在行距80 cm、施肥量为600 kg.hm 2时,为362.4 mg.m 3,灌浆中期和后期最大值发生在行距70 cm、施肥量为600 kg.hm 2时,为363.4 mg.m 3和385.7 mg.m 3。在行距70 cm、施肥量为900 kg.hm 2时,灌浆3个时期水分利用效率最高,分别比最低值高14.75%、15.18%、14.46%;干物质积累量和生长率最大,分别为5 066.4 kg.hm 2和14.3 kg.hm 2.d 1、383.2 kg.hm 2和15.3 kg.hm 2.d 1以及13 213.4 kg.hm 2和19.7 kg.hm 2.d 1。糯玉米蒸煮品质即感官品质、气味、风味、色泽、糯性、柔嫩性、皮厚薄等在行距70 cm、施肥量为900 kg.hm 2时最佳。Using ＂Fengnuo 6＂ waxy maize as material,the influences of different combinations of fertilization amount（600 kg.hm 2,750 kg.hm 2 and 900 kg.hm 2） and row spacing（50 cm,60 cm,70 cm and 80 cm） on population canopy temperature,light intensity,relative humidity,CO 2 concentration,light/temperature distribution,as well as dry matter accumulation,growth rate,water use efficiency and cooking quality of waxy maize were studied in field trials at the same planting density.The results showed that row spacing and fertilization as well as times of the day and period of the filling stage affected waxy maize population canopy microenvironment at filling stage.Average canopy temperature was lowest at row spacing of 70 cm.During the early,middle and late periods of grain filling stage,70 cm row spacing with 600 kg.hm 2 fertilization amount presented the maximum values of light intensity of 236.2 μmol.m 2.s 1,275.3 μmol.m 2.s 1 and 285.4 μmol.m 2.s 1,respectively.The relative canopy humidity were highest during the three periods of grain filling stage at 70 cm row spacing and 900 kg.hm 2 fertilization amount,which were respectively higher than the minimum values by 41.99%,33.98% and 36.11%.CO 2 concentration was highest（362.4 mg.m 3） at 80 cm row spacing and 600 kg.hm 2 fertilization amount during the early period.However,during the middle and late periods,CO 2 concentration was highest at 70 cm row spacing and 600 kg.hm 2 fertilization amount,and respectively was 363.4 mg.m 3 and 385.7 mg.m 3.At 70 cm row spacing and 900 kg.hm 2 fertilization amount,water use efficiency was highest for all the three periods,which was higher by 14.75%,15.18% and 14.46%,respectively,than the lowest value.The maximum dry matter accumulation and growth rate were highest too,with the values of 5 066.4 kg.hm 2,383.2 kg.hm 22 and 13 213.4 kg.hm 2 for dry matter accumulation,and 14.3 kg.hm 2.d 1,15.3 kg.hm 2.d 1 and 19.7 kg.hm 2.d 1 for growth rate.The cooking quality of waxy corn（including sensory quality,smell/flavour,color,waxin

关 键 词：糯玉米 施肥量 行距 冠层微环境 水分利用率 干物质积累 蒸煮品质 

分 类 号：S359[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]