从OCW课堂到MOOC学堂:学习本源的回归  

From OCW Classroom to MOOC School:The Return to the Origin of Learning

作　　者：张振虹[1] 刘文[1] 韩智[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学文法学院,天津300072 [2]南开大学软件学院,天津300071

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2013年第3期20-27,共8页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：2013年教育部人文社会科学研究项目"动态系统理论视域下的中国学生二语发展模式研究";2012年天津市自然科学基金重点项目"云计算可信服务模型及其安全机制研究"(No.12JCZDJC20800);天津大学自主创新基金"网络化大学英语教学影响大学生英语学习观的研究"

摘　　要：随着开放课件(OCW)运动的不断发展,一种新型开放资源模式——大规模在线开放课程(MOOC)应运而生。从OCW到MOOC的发展体现着学习中心的转移。OCW以教师的单向传授为主,而MOOC以学习者为中心,从学习者兴趣和需求出发,在轻松友好的学习氛围和先进的学习工具支持下,将获取知识的学习欲望转化为主动汲取并同化知识的学习行为,按需定制个性化学习方案,自发组织学习圈,随时随地展开学习。这种学习方式使得漠视"人"这一学习主体的"异化学习",回归为学习者可以感受到自由与创造的"快乐学习";使传统的以"教"为主的"课堂",发展为以"学"为主的网络在线"学堂";使学习者、教学者和学习环境各要素在以人为本的原则下相互适应,呈现出开放自由、和谐共生的状态。将MOOC与传统课堂教学相融合,能够为学习者提供无时间和地域要求、无费用和学历限制的学习环境;其以人为本的教育理念和更深程度上的开放共享,也对我国学分银行和开放大学建设具有一定借鉴意义。With the development of Open Courseware（OCW）,a new mode of open resource mode-the Massive Open Online Course（MOOC）,has emerged.The transition from OCW to MOOC manifests a transfer of the center of learning.OCW focuses on one-way instruction by the teacher,while MOOC is learner-centered and has effectively converted the learners＇ desire for knowledge into their behavior of actively taking in and assimilating knowledge with personalized learning programs and communities,according to their interests and needs,in a relaxed and friendly atmosphere and supported by advanced learning tools,so that learning can happen any time and any place.This mode of learning has transformed from the alienated learning where learners are overlooked to the happy learning where learners are free to innovate,has changed the teaching-centered classrooms to learning centered online schools,and has achieved an open,free,harmonious and adaptive state for learners,teachers and various elements of the instructional environment.The integration of the MOOC with traditional classroom instruction can provide a learning environment where there is no specific requirement for time,space,cost or degree.MOOC exhibits the conception of learner-oriented education and more in-depth opening and sharing,which furnishes relevant experiences to the construction of credit banks and Open University in our country.

关 键 词：OCW MOOC 学习本源 异化学习 快乐学习 学习生态系统 

分 类 号：G43[文化科学—教育学]