基于时变需求的供应链网络动态均衡模型  

On dynamic equilibrium model of supply chain networks with time-varying demand

作　　者：彭向[1] 张勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学东吴商学院,苏州215021 [2]苏州大学城市轨道交通学院,苏州215021

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2013年第5期1158-1166,共9页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51108289);江苏省属高校自然科学基金(10KJB580003)

摘　　要：在时变需求下,供应链网络静态均衡模型不能描述上下游成员的订单、库存以及采购价格随时间的变化的传播过程.通过在静态均衡模型中引入了时间变量,本文构建了供应链网络动态均衡模型,以描述供应链网络各成员订单、库存和价格的时变特征.基于历史的订单、采购\销售价格等信息,给出了供应链成员考虑订单提前期和库存成本的订单生成策略的数学描述.建立了供应链网络动态竞争均衡变分不等式模型,利用变分不等式方法给出了等价的动态均衡条件,并设计了求解模型的有效算法.算例研究表明:文中建立的动态模型不仅能嵌入不同的订单生成策略,还能分析包括牛鞭效应在内的多种供应链网络问题.本文所提出的模型为探究供应链网络时空演化行为提供了有力的工具.Static equilibrium models of supply chain networks cannot describe the propagation process of orders, inventories and purchase prices with time from downstream members to upstream members under time-varying consumer demand. By embedding the time variable into static equilibrium models, the paper proposes a dynamic equilibrium model of supply chain networks to characterize the order flows, inventories and prices of every member in the supply chain networks. Based on historical information of orders, inventories and prices, a mathematical expression of order-making strategies in which suppliers consider lead time and inventory cost is presented. A dynamic competition equilibrium model of the supply chain networks is formulated as an equivalent variational inequality formulation. A heuristic solution algorithm is also developed to solve the proposed model. Numerical examples show that the proposed model can not only embed different order-making strategies, but also analyze various issues on the supply chain networks including bullwhip effects, and thus provides a powerful tool for investigating the temporal and spatial evolutionary behaviors of the supply chain networks.

关 键 词：供应链网络 动态均衡 变分不等式 订单生成策略 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理]