任务类线索对学习难易度判断及其准确性影响的实验研究  

The Influence of Task-Based Cues on Easy of Learning Judgment and its Accuracy

作　　者：吴红[1,2] 张大均[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理健康教育研究中心,重庆400715 [2]贵州师范大学教育科学学院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第3期566-570,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：贵州教育厅高校人文社会科学规划项目(08GH011)资助

摘　　要：通过两个实验考察任务类线索(词频、关联性、学习次数)对学习难易度判断及其准确性的影响。结果表明:(1)词频和关联性对学习难易度判断等级均有显著影响,高频词对、有关联词对的预测成绩显著高于低频词对和无关联词对的预测成绩;(2)高频词对和低频词对的预测成绩均出现高估,但高频词对的高估更严重;有无关联词对相比,无关联词对预测成绩偏差更大,有关联词对的难易度判断更准确;(3)词频高低只影响成绩的预测,不影响实际回忆成绩;关联性既影响对成绩的预测,也影响实际回忆成绩。(4)学习次数对难易度判断等级没有显著影响,但随学习次数增加,判断准确性降低,出现低估现象。结论:材料因素对学习难易度判断等级具有较稳定的影响;不同材料因素(词频、关联性)对难易度判断准确性的影响方式不同;学习次数对学习难易度判断等级没有显著影响;学习难易度判断中存在练习伴随低估效应。Two experiments, one under the condition of a single cue and the other under the condition of a variety of cues, were conducted to investigate the influence of material factors and number of repetitions on the grade and the accuracy of the EOL （Easy of Learning） judgment. Experiment 1 investigated the influence of word frequency or relatedness of materials on EOL by Experiment 1.1 and Experiment 1.2. Experiment 2 featured two independent variables -- relatedness of materials （ high and low） and the number of repetitions （one or three） -- manipulated among the participants. Sixty college students took part in this experiment. The grade of EOL judgment was predicted recall. The accuracy of EOL judgment was the difference between predicted recall and actual recall. The results suggested that （ 1 ） the frequency of words and relatedness of pairs of words had a significant effect on the grade of EOL. （2） The accuracy of EOL was significant in lower high frequency paired words than in low frequency paired words, and low relatedness paired words than high relatedness paired words. （3） Word frequency affected predicted memory but not actual memory. Relatedness paired words affected both predicted and actual memory. （4） The number of study trials affected actual memory but scarcely affected predicted memory. The accuracy of EOL was significantly lower following three study trials than following one study trial. Conclusion ： （ 1 ） The influence of material factors on the grade and the accuracy of the EOL judgment was relatively stable. （2） The frequency of words and relatedness of paired words affected the accuracy of EOL judgment by different paths. （3） The number of study trials had no significant effect on the grade of the EOL. （4）This result suggested UWP effect occurred in EOL Judgment.

关 键 词：学习难易度判断 判断等级 判断准确性 任务类线索 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]