类别意义联结在无意视盲中的作用  

The Role of Associated Meaning of Category in Inattentional Blindness

作　　者：罗婷[1] 陈振彩[1] 陈安涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第3期580-585,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170980)的资助

摘　　要：本研究考察在无注意定势的参与下,类别信息的意义联结对于无意视盲的作用。被试在实验任务之前观察、学习某一类别的若干刺激,以激活其类别概念和表征。结果表明,启动相关类别概念的被试在非注意情况下觉察到非预期的、显著刺激的可能性更大。这说明,意义联结可以广泛地作用于类别刺激,即使没有注意定势的影响,也能自动地注意相关的刺激,从而促进其意识的加工。Inattentional blindness （Mack ＆ Rock, 1998） describes a strong connection between attention and reports of visual awareness： observers are functionally blind to a fully-visible, unexpected object when their attention was engaged in another task, event, or object. This phenomenon, inattentional blindness, is striking and forces us to recognize that the content of the perceived visual world is enormously limited （Gu, Stocker, ＆ Badler, 2005）. However, few factors have been identified which could reduce inattentional blinness and not all critical stimuli （CS） remained undetected under inattention. These factors are： （1） meaning of critical stimuli related to the task-relevant goal of the observers （ Ansorge, Horstmann, ＆ Carbone, 2005） ; （2） the physical features such as the color or shape of the unexpected object are similar to those of the attended objects （ Gu, et al. , 2005） ; （3） Biologically or socially important stimuli, smiling faces or our names （Mack, Pappas, Silverman, ＆ Gay, 2002; Mack ＆ Rock, 1998）. The current study aims to investigate that without attention set, whether the widely associated stimuli is able to promote attention and thus reduce blindness to important information. The experiment examines whether a task-irrelevant object has the ability to enhance our signal value for attention and improve visual awareness when primed with stimuli of the same category without a certain goal. 79 students volunteering in our experiment were primed with 35 pictures belonging to one category which could be the same as the critical stimuli appearing in the critical trial when they do an alphabetical rearrangement task （refer to figure 1 for details）. Three experimental trials later, a critical stimulus appeared on the screen without any notice in the forth trial （inattention trial）. Immediately after the trial began, the rearrangement the CS was presented, sub- jects were asked whether they saw anything new that had not been presented on previous tria

关 键 词：无意视盲 意义联结 意识 启动 注意定势 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]