“性近习远”说与十七世纪的儒学嬗变——论“习”之思想史意义  

“By Nature, People Are Similar; Through Practice, They Become Quite Qifferent From Each Other" and the Transformation of Ming and Qing Confucianism

作　　者：陈叙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《清史研究》2013年第2期128-134,共7页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：《论语·阳货》"性相近也,习相远也"章是儒家人性思想的活水源头。明清儒者重释此章,作为性一元论挑战性二元论的原典依据,以习恶说取代气恶说——探究恶之来源问题,由此突显"习"在人性论上的重要意义。从"性近习远"章管窥这一思想嬗变,考察"性近习远"说地位的升降以及其中"习"论之走向,不仅有助于厘清17世纪宗孔反朱思潮的发展脉络,也在一定程度上揭示了儒学向重习、重工夫、重人为实践方向转折的内在理路。The meaning of this famous comment by Confucius on human nature： ＂By nature （xing）, people are similar but through practice （xi） becomequite different from each other＂ has long interested scholars. This passage became the source and theoretical basis for theories of human nature from both of dualists and monists. By attaching more importance to the theory of practice on human nature, Confucians in the late Ming and the early Qing period emphasized practice and utility, as well as admitting man＇s capacity and responsibility by releasing man from innate limits, i.e. denounced the claim that evil comes from qi. It is hoped that this approach can help us not only to gain further insights into Confucian theory on human nature, but also to detect the inner logic behind the Ming-Qing scholars＇ endeavors to reconstruct Confucian philosophy of interior and exterior life.

关 键 词：性 习 “性近习远”章儒学嬗变 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]