山东省4030名青少年青春期发育状况分析  

Pubertal development status of 4 030 adolescents in Shandong Province

作　　者：张财[1] 唐永云[2] 燕玉敏 虢忠英 臧渝梨[5] 

机构地区：[1]滨州市滨城区第一中学,山东滨州256600 [2]滨州医学院护理学院 [3]滨州市中医院 [4]日照市第一中学 [5]山东大学护理学院

出　　处：《中国校医》2013年第5期335-337,共3页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的描述山东省青少年身高、体质量、体质量指数及性征发育等状况，探讨青春期发育特点和规律。方法分层整群抽取4030名青少年学生采用问卷自评法进行青春期发育调查。结果青少年身高、体质量随着年龄增长而增长。体质量高于正常者占11．7％，其中体质量超标8．6％，肥胖3．1％；体质量低于正常者占4．7％，其中消瘦3．9％，严重消瘦0．8％。男孩高于正常体质量者占16．8％，女孩高于正常体质量者占7．0％。性征发育方面，女孩发育早于男孩（x^2=129．27，P〈0．01）；女孩第二性征始于7～12岁，单项发育顺序为乳房、月经、体毛及皮肤改变（如粉刺、暗疮），10岁女孩68．0％开始或者已经开始乳房发育；男孩第二性征发育单项顺序不明显。结论青少年青春期发育遵循一定规律，家庭、学校及教育者可遵循规律做好青春期健康教育工作。Objective To describe the height, weight, body mass index and sexual characteristics of pubertal development status of adolescents in Shandong Province, so as to explore the characteristics and laws of pubertal development. Methods A total of 4 030 adolescents were selected by the stratified duster sample method and investigated with a self-~ment questionnaire for pubertal development. Results The height and weight of the adolescents increased with the increase of the ages. There were 11.7% of adolescents whose weights were higher than the normal, including overweight of 8.6 % and obese of 3.1%. There were 4.7 % of adolescents whose weights were less than the normal, including weight loss of 3.9% and severe weight loss of 0.8%. In addition, there were 16.8% of boys whose weights were higher than the normal and there were 7.0% of girls whose weights were higher than the normal. The sexual character development of the girls was significantly earlier than that of boys （X2 = 129.27, P 〈 0.01 ）. The girls＇ secondary sexual characteristics began from 7 - 12 years old with the developmental order： breasts, menstruation, body hair development, and skin changes. Among the 10-year-old girls surveyed, 68.0% of them started or has started breast development. The occurrence sequence of individual item of boys＇ secondary sexual characteristics was not obvious. Conclusions The pubertal development of adolescents develops according to the certain rules, and the families, schools and educators should enhance the health education following the rules.

关 键 词：青少年 生长和发育 青春期发育 

分 类 号：G478.2[文化科学—教育学]