无关言语对汉字短时记忆系列回忆的影响  

Retroactive Effects of Irrelevant Sound on Serial Recall from Short-Term Memory of Chinese Characters

作　　者：慕德芳[1] 宋耀武[2] 高江峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院教师教育学院,湖州313000 [2]河北大学教育学院,保定071002

出　　处：《心理学报》2013年第6期626-635,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(10YJCXLX036);浙江省教育厅科研项目(Y200908924)

摘　　要：采用视觉呈现字表和听觉呈现无关言语方式,探讨在字表项目保持期间阻止被试复述情况下,不同呈现位置的无关言语对汉字短时记忆系列回忆的影响。在字表保持期间,采用计算任务进行分心作业。实验结果发现:(1)无关言语对汉字短时记忆系列回忆成绩存在显著影响;(2)在字表保持期间阻止被试进行复述消除了字表呈现期间呈现无关言语对回忆成绩产生的干扰效应;(3)汉字短时记忆系列回忆成绩表现出系列位置效应。实验结果没有完全支持客体情节记忆模型。Even when stimuli are presented visually, the presence of irrelevant sound （IS） significantly impairs performance on immediate serial recall. Theoretical models provide conflicting accounts of the origins of irrelevant sound effects. The detailed pattern of interaction between IS and other factors influencing memory performance has been seen as placing important constraints on the development of models of short-term memory such as the working memory model and object-oriented episodic record model, but the fundamental question of the locus and mechanism of the IS effect has still not been satisfactorily resolved. To explore whether irrelevant sound has a significant influence on serial recall from short-term memory of Chinese characters, and to adjudicate between conflicting accounts, one experiment with varying levels of IS was conducted by 40 participants with Chinese characters. In the experiment, participants performed an arithmetic task follow the visually presence of Chinese characters list. This prevented them from memorizing the characters during the retention interval. The arithmetic task was three single digits drawn from 1 to 9. Participants were instructed to be as accurate as possible in calculating the sum of the digits. There were four IS conditions： in one condition participants heard no speech during the trial （no IS）; in a second condition they heard three seconds of speech that started 50 ms before the visual presentation of the first item and ended 50ms before the onset of the first digit （IS during list）; in a third condition participants heard three seconds of speech that started 50ms before the onset of the first digit and continued until 50 ms before the word ＂Recall＂ （IS during sum）; in the fourth condition, participants heard six seconds of speech that started 50 ms before the first item and continued until 50 ms before the recall cue （IS throughout）. The four conditions were distributed equally and randomly around the 120 lists resulting in 30 lists per IS cond

关 键 词：短时记忆 系列回忆 无关言语效应 客体情节记忆模型 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]