中国和美国校车国家标准对比及校车座椅动态试验  

National regulation comparison for special school bus betweens China and US and dynamic tests of school bus seats

作　　者：杨欣[1,2] 许述财[1] 张金换[1] 马春生[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]河北农业大学机电工程学院和长城汽车学院,保定071001

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2013年第2期152-160,共9页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(20100480290);保定长安客车制造有限公司委托项目(20122000687)

摘　　要：学童乘车安全受到公众广泛关注。该文对比了中国和美国校车国家标准中关于车辆结构耐撞性和乘员保护相关内容。在保证乘员生存空间和有效减轻学生乘员二次碰撞伤害方面,两国标准有不同解释。依据中国新国家标准中相关的试验方法,在清华大学汽车碰撞试验室,采用减速台车,对中国某校车和美国某校车的座椅系统分别进行了30次的抗前倾性能动态试验。试验结果表明:两种座椅的假人头部、胸部、腿部的伤害允许指标HIC、ThAC、FAC等的各种指标,均能达到中国校车国家标准相关规定;但在骨架型式、制造工艺和结构强度方面,中美校车座椅有诸多不同之处。School bus safety has been attracting extensive public attention. China and US national regulations about special school buses were analyzed and compared in vehicle structure crashworthiness and occupant protection. The two countries have different understandings in guaranteeing vehicle living space and effectively reducing the occupant secondary collision injuries. Seat impact tests were carried out 30 times for a China school bus and a US school bus according to the forward resistance test method of the new special school bus regulations of China using an impact sled at the Automobile Crash Laboratory of Tsinghua University. The results show that all the allowed indexes of the dummy can reach the new national technical requirement of China, including the head injury criterion （HIC）, the thorax acceptability criterion （ThAC）, and the femur acceptability criterion （FAC）, with differences existing between US and China in school bus seat framework, manufacturing technique and structure intensity.

关 键 词：汽车安全性 专用校车 乘员保护 车辆结构耐撞性 国家标准 座椅系统 动态试验 

分 类 号：U419.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]