蜜蜂无政府主义蜂群的研究进展  

Research progress in anarchistic honeybees

作　　者：牛德芳[1] 郑火青[1] 胡福良[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2013年第5期561-565,共5页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31101773);国家蜂产业技术体系专项(CARS-45)

摘　　要：西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera作为典型的社会性昆虫,最重要的特征是生殖劳动分工。蜂王垄断蜂群的生殖权利,工蜂生殖功能受到抑制,从事除产卵和交配以外的所有职能。而在无政府主义蜂群中,即使蜂王存在,也有较多工蜂的卵巢激活并产卵,蜂群中大多数雄蜂是工蜂的后代。这些特殊蜂群为正常蜂群工蜂不育机制研究提供了绝佳的反例材料。本文对无政府主义蜂群的行为特征、产生条件、遗传基础等研究进行了综述。无政府主义蜂群中有较多的工蜂产卵,且工蜂所产卵能够逃避工蜂监督,这种行为的产生受环境、遗传组成、基因表达等多种因素的影响,并且遗传结构体系复杂,参与调控的基因数量多。无政府主义蜂群行为机制的研究为工蜂不育机制的揭示及其他社会性昆虫工职不育基因的筛选和功能研究提供借鉴。As eusocial insects, the honeybees Apis mellifera, are characterized by the extreme reproductive division of labor. The queen monopolizes reproduction in a colony, and the workers refrain from, are coerced not to, or have lost the ability to reproduce, undertaking all the functions inside and outside of the hive except for egg laying and mating. However, in occasional ＂anarchistic＂ queenright colonies, many workers have activated ovaries and lay eggs, so the majority of drones are the offsprings of workers but not the queen. These anarchistic bees provide a superb model for investigating the mechanisms underlying the sterility in honeybee workers. In this article the characteristics, causes and genetic basis of anarchistic colonies are reviewed. Many workers lay eggs in anarchistic colonies and these eggs could escape the worker policing. The anarchistic behavior is affected by several factors, including environmental conditions, genetic constitution and gene expression. Moreover, the genetic structure system of anarchistic behavior is quite complex and many genes may be involved in the regulation. Researches on the behavioral mechanisms of anarchistic colonies will shed light on the studies of the regulation of honeybee worker sterility and the identification and characterization of the genes that control worker sterility in social insects.

关 键 词：蜜蜂 无政府主义蜂群 工蜂生殖 工蜂监督 遗传基础 行为特征 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]