文化和情境影响亲属词的概念结构  

Influence of Culture and Circumstance on Kinship Words’ Conceptual Structure

作　　者：张积家[1,2] 王娟[3] 肖二平[4] 和秀梅[2,5] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100873 [2]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心,广州510631 [3]江苏师范大学教育科学学院,徐州221116 [4]杭州师范大学教育科学学院,杭州310036 [5]大理学院教育科学学院,大理671000

出　　处：《心理学报》2013年第8期825-839,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(10BSH044)资助

摘　　要：以摩梭人和汉族的高中生为对象,采用自由分类法,考察在满月酒、结婚和吊唁情境的亲属词概念结构,揭示微观文化情境对亲属关系认知的影响以及与宏观文化情境的交互作用。结果发现:(1)在不同情境下,摩梭人和汉族人对亲属词的分类既有相同之处,又存在差异。两个民族都看重"亲属的亲密程度"和"辈分",但摩梭人还区分"照顾者/被照顾者",汉族人还考虑"性别"和"亲属关系的性质";(2)摩梭人对亲属词的分类体现了母系文化的特征,重视舅舅和外甥在亲属关系中的地位和作用;汉族人对亲属词的分类体现了汉文化的特征,重视媳妇和孙辈在亲属关系中的地位和作用。(3)亲属概念具有核心特征与情境依赖特征。文化和情境通过概念特征的激活和分类标准的采择影响对亲属词的分类。Kinship words are important and intricate social concepts which convey abundant information of heredity, marriage, society and culture. Kinship system plays an important part in human culture which also inversely affects people＇s cognition for kinship. Few researches focused on the problems such as mechanism of microcosmic circumstance＇s influence on kinship＇s cognition and the mechanism of interaction between macro-environment and micro-environment. The Moso is a matriarchal ethnic group living in the border of Yunnan and Sichuan provinces and famous for ＂A zhu marriage＂ and ＂Matriarchal society family＂.The Hart nationality＇s kinship system is distinct from The Moso. The present study intends to compare the conceptual structure of kinship words of the Moso and the Han nationality under different circumstance. Natural classifying and multi-dimensional scale were used to explore the Moso and the Han nationality＇s conceptual structure of kinship words under ＂Manyue Wine （a reception for a baby＇s completion of its first month of life）＂, ＂Marriage＂ and ＂Condolence＂ circumstance. The subjects were 225 Moso students and 242 Han students both from Yunnan＇ Ninglang district. Before classifying, different instructions were read to lead the subjects to imagine the circumstance. Results showed that： Under the ＂The Manyue wine＂ circumstance, Moso＇s conceptual structure of kinship words were grouped into two dimensions： （1） grade in the family hierarchy; （2） level of intimacy among the relatives. Han nationality＇s conceptual structure of kinship words were also grouped into two dimensions： （1） the nature of kinship; （2） level of intimacy among the relatives. Under the ＂Marriage＂ circumstance; Moso＇s conceptual structure of kinship words were grouped into two dimensions： （1） grade in the family hierarchy; （2） level of intimacy among the relatives. Han nationality＇s conceptual structure were also grouped into two dimensions： （1） grade i

关 键 词：摩梭人 汉族 文化 情境 亲属词概念结构 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]