工作记忆负荷、形状干扰对聋人与听力正常人注意捕获影响的眼动研究  

An Eye Movement Study on the Effect of Working Memory Load and Shape Distracter on the Attentional Capture of Deaf and Hearing-normal People

作　　者：王庭照[1] 杨鹃[2] 杨彦平[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学院,西安710062 [2]乐山师范学院教育科学学院,乐山614000 [3]上海市教育科学研究院普通教育研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第4期797-801,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(10SZZD04)的资助

摘　　要：通过记录和分析被试的行为和眼动指标,本研究试图探讨不同工作记忆负荷下,形状干扰对聋人与听力正常人不同视野位置上刺激信息捕获注意的异同。研究结果表明:(1)形状干扰刺激虽然没有影响被试视觉加工的认知绩效,但被试的眼动模式会由于工作记忆负荷的改变而改变,高工作记忆负荷时,有形状干扰的注视次数高于无形状干扰。(2)工作记忆负荷、视野位置影响被试视觉加工任务的完成,被试在不同视野位置的加工过程表现出不一致的眼动模式。(3)聋人视觉加工在高工作记忆负荷时存在一定的劣势,但其对不同视野位置的信息加工及形状干扰所产生的注意捕获效应与听力正常人一致。There are two opposite views about attentional capture theory. One view is that attentional capture is not affected by the current task,but relies on the significant extent of theinterference stimuli relative to the target stimuli. The effect of shape interference stimuli on attentional capture is poor. Another view is that attentional capture is conditional capture. It is carried out under a top-down cognitive regulation. In addition,with regard to the visual processing capacity and mechanisms of deaf people,researchers proposed ＂the change of visual attention resources allocation＂hypothesis for deaf people. They thought that deaf people attempt to allocate more visual attentional resources to the margin of visual area in the processing of visual perception; however,the hearing-normal people tend to allocate more visual attentional resources to the central vision area. Introducing the working memory load and visual region variables, this study selected deaf and hearing-normal people,and used eye tracker to investigate the attentional capture of shape interference stimuli in visual processing. It also compared the difference of deaf and hearing-normal people in their visual processing mechanism under the attentional capture experimental paradigm. This study used a 2 （group） × 2 （working memory load） × 2 （shape distracter） × 3 （visual region） multi-factor mixed experiment design. The between-subject variable is category of subjects （deaf people,hearing-normal people） ,while the within-subject variables are working memory load （high working memory load,low working memory load） ,shape distracter （shape distracter,no-shape distracter） ,and visual region （1° viewing angle,6° viewing angle,11° viewing angle） . The results showed that： （1） Al- though the shape distracter did not affect the cognitive performance of thesubjects＇ visual processing,the subjects＇ eye movement patterns were changed due to the change of theworking memory load. Under the condition of high work

关 键 词：聋人 听力正常人 工作记忆负荷 形状干扰 视野位置 注意捕获 眼动研究 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]