社交退缩与儿童的社会适应之间的关系:性别的调节作用  

The Relationship between Social Withdrawal and Adjustment:Moderated effect of gender

作　　者：张光珍[1] 梁宗保[1] 陈会昌[2] 陈欣银 张萍[4] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学学习科学研究中心/儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室,南京210096 [2]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875 [3]宾夕法里亚大学研究生教育学院,费城pa19104621 [4]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院,上海200433

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第4期860-864,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(10YJCXLX057);江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学项目(2010SJDXLX005)的资助

摘　　要：本研究探讨了社交退缩与社会适应之间的关系。共有145名11岁儿童参与了本研究。运用实验室观察程序,采用儿童游戏观察量表对儿童在两个自由游戏情景中的社交退缩行为进行编码,采用教师报告法和儿童自我报告法测量了儿童的适应情况。研究发现,焦虑退缩行为更多的与男孩的适应问题有关,而安静退缩更多的与女孩的适应问题有关。结果表明社交退缩的各个亚型与社会适应之间的关系是不同的,且性别在其中起着调节作用。The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between reticent,solitary-passive behavior and social adjustment in Chinese children,and the moderate effect of gender. Participants were145 children （M =129 months,SD = 6. 5,60 boys and 85 girls） from Beijing,China. Children were invited to visit the university laboratory and play in quartet. And a series of the laboratory observation were conducted. All sessions were videotaped,and reticent behaviors and solitary-passive behaviors were assessed on the basis of children＇s behaviors during two free-play sessions,using the Play Observation Scale. After the observation procedure,children were asked to fill out some questionnaires that assessed children＇s loneliness,depression and self values. Participants＇ teachers were visited and asked to report children＇s school adaptation competence and problems,and academic achievements and leader-ship potential were obtained from school records. It was found that reticent behavior was positively associated with internalizing problems （r = . 41,p . 01） and victimization （r = . 39,p . 01） and negatively associated with the school adaptation competence （r = - . 36,p . 05） for boys but not for girls,whereas solitary-passive behaviors were positively associated with indicators of adjustment problems such as loneliness （r = . 30,p . 01） and depression （r = . 29,p . 01） ,and negatively associated with school adaptation competence （r = - . 29,p . 05） and leadership （r = - . 31,p . 05） for girls but not for boys. These results are not consistent with those findings revealed from the research that was conducted in western countries and indicate that the adjustment outcomes of reticent and solitary-passive behaviors are defined by cultural context. The results also indicate that gender may play an important role in defining the functional meanings of children＇s social behaviors.

关 键 词：社交退缩 社会适应 性别 调节作用 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] C912.1[哲学宗教—心理学]