人类情绪记忆的行为与神经遗传学研究进展述评  

Advance of Behavioral Genetics and Neurogenetics of Human Emotional Memory

作　　者：邹吉林[1] 周仁来[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室,东南大学学习科学研究中心,南京210096 [2]认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京师范大学,北京100875 [3]应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第4期1004-1008,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：东南大学优秀博士学位论文基金(YBJJ1121);北京市教育委员会共建项目"北京市吸毒人员情绪调节能力的评估与训练";东南大学儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室开放研究基金资助课题(CDLS-2011-02)的资助

摘　　要：情绪记忆及其增强效应存在广泛的个体差异,这种个体差异可能有其神经与遗传基础。近来的行为遗传学与神经遗传学证实人类ADRA2B基因缺失突变以及BDNF Val66Met基因的多态性与情绪记忆增强及其神经机制的个体差异相联系。本文重点介绍与人类情绪记忆相关的这两种基因,梳理了行为与神经遗传学研究的最新进展,指出未来应关注更多候选基因,并重视多个脑区之间的交互作用;还应使用情绪面孔刺激探索BDNF Val66Met基因多态性对情绪记忆编码和提取的影响等。Many studies revealed the effects of emotional memory enhancement,that is,we remember more emotional arousing events more vividly than neutral events,which has a significant adaptive value in evolutionary terms implicated in human survival. However, there are extensive individual variations in emotional memory,based on some neural and genetic substrates. Recently,behavioral genetics and neurogenetics studies of emotional memory made a great breakthrough and confirmed this hypothesis. Firstly,two sorts of genes were introduced in details in this review--the deletion variant of ADRA2B and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Moreover,this review discussed the advances of behavioral genetics and neurogenetics of emotional memory. The first behavioral genetics study （de Quervain et al. ,2007） using photographs from the international affective pictures system （IAPS） found that the deletion variant of ADRA2B is related to individual differences in enhanced memory for emotional information in healthy young Swiss participants and increased traumatic memory in Saharan African refugees who experienced multiple and highly aversive life-threatening situations. Specifically,the deletion carriers showed more enhanced short-term emotional memory processes and long-term traumatic memories compared with noncarriers. These data suggested that the deletion variant of ADRA2B acts primarily as a loss-of-function polymorphism of the α2b-adrenergic receptor in the regulation of emotional memory. Moveover,based on the first behavioral genetics study,this research group continued to finish a neurogentics study to deeply explore the neural mechanisms of the emotional memory enhancement effects by using pictures from IAPS and event-related functional MRI techniques （Rasch et al. ,2009） . Results showed that during encoding negative pictures,carriers of the ADRA2B deletion variant exhibited higher amygdala activation and significant stronger functional connectivity between amygdala and insula compared with noncarriers of the deletion. T

关 键 词：情绪记忆 ADRA2B BDNF 基因多态性 突变 杏仁核 

分 类 号：Q42[生物学—神经生物学]