早期道家著作中的“礼”与“理”  

Rituals and Reasons:As Read in the Works of the Early Daoists

作　　者：庞慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,西安710119

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2013年第4期85-94,159,共10页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要："礼"、"理"之辩,是中国思想史上持续数千年的话题。早期道家著作《老子》《庄子》中二字的用法,为二者在中国思想史上的关系定下了基调。"礼"字已见于甲骨文,从春秋时期开始,"礼"被逐渐赋予了形而上的阐释。"理"字则罕见于战国以前的文字资料,直到战国中期,对"理"的理论化改造才展开。《老子》无"理"字。《老子》中的"礼"和"义"被分开,"礼"仅指外在仪式,属"下德"之末,距"道"最远。《庄子》继承了《老子》中"礼"字的用法,并沿着《老子》重视"礼"之内在情质的思路,抨击儒家拘守的"世俗之礼",主张安于"性命之情"。《庄子》引入了"理"概念,作为儒家式"礼"概念的对立面和替代品。《庄子》的"理"概念补足了老子"道"论缺环,从此"理"和"道"遂成为不同学派广泛采用的一对理论概念,产生了重要的理论回响。Li (礼 ritual) and li (理 reason and order of nature) are generally considered as the con- cepts of both Confucianism and Daoism. During the Warring States Period, such books as Guan Zi and Xun Zi already accepted these two concepts. And, due to their theoretical focuses and ac- ademic interest, schools of Confucianism in both the Eastern and Western Han Dynasties and the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties are usually referred to as studies of rituals (Confucianism) and studies of reasons (neo-Confucianism). That's why a full understanding of these two con- cepts depends on the studies of their theoretic origins in Chinese intellectual history. In this arti- cle , we choose Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi for our studies, for they are the oldest and most authorita- tive among the works of Daoism. The way to use these two terms in the works mentioned casts profound influence on scholars of all different schools.

关 键 词：早期道家 《老子》 《庄子》 礼 理 

分 类 号：B958[哲学宗教—宗教学]