时空交替间隔灌溉对夏玉米田水分和产量形成的影响  

Effects of Tempo-spatial Alternate Furrow Irrigation on Farmland Moisture and Yield Formation in Summer Maize

作　　者：王同朝[1] 李小艳[1] 杜园园[2] 李仟[1] 白如轩[1] 关小康[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,河南郑州450002 [2]山西省农业科学院谷子研究所,山西长治046011

出　　处：《华北农学报》2013年第4期115-122,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B07;2012BAD14B08;2011BAD16B07)

摘　　要：为了给夏玉米有效灌溉提供科学依据,研究了夏玉米不同生育时期和不同根区实施交替补灌对农田蒸散、夏玉米产量形成以及水分利用效率的影响,共设9个处理:拔节期和抽穗期充分供水(T1N1)、拔节期充分供水+抽穗期中度水分亏缺(T1N2)、拔节期充分供水+抽穗期重度水分亏缺(T1N3)、拔节期中度水分亏缺+抽穗期充分供水(T2N1)、拔节期中度水分亏缺+抽穗期中度水分亏缺(T2N2)、拔节期中度水分亏缺+抽穗期重度水分亏缺(T2N3)、拔节期重度水分亏缺+抽穗期充分供水(T3N1)、拔节期重度水分亏缺+抽穗期中度水分亏缺(T3N2)、拔节期重度水分亏缺+抽穗期重度水分亏缺(T3N3)。结果表明:各处理在全生育期内的棵间土壤蒸发量变化趋势均呈脉冲状,且各生育阶段棵间土壤蒸发量占阶段蒸散量比例在播种-灌浆-成熟阶段均表现出先降后升的趋势。整个生育期间棵间土壤蒸发量(E)/总蒸散量(ET)为34.89%～52.19%,并随着水分亏缺程度加剧而降低。产量表现为T1N2>T2N1>T1N3>T2N2>T2N3>T1N1>T3N1>T3N2>T3N3,其中T1N2处理产量极显著高于其他处理。T1N2处理的作物水分利用效率最高(27.08 kg/(hm2.mm)),分别比T3N1、T3N2、T3N3和T1N1处理高12.78%,16.90%,19.79%,26.92%,拔节期和抽穗期均为高水分的T1N1处理最低,其他处理随着总补灌量的减少逐渐下降。在黄淮海夏玉米区,采用时空交替灌溉方式:拔节期充分补灌(田间持水量的80%)和抽穗期补灌量适度减少(田间持水量的65%),有利于夏玉米产量和土壤水分高效利用的同步提升。A field research has been conducted for exploring the effect of tempo-spatial alternate furrow irrigation in different growth stage and root zone on summer maize field evaportranspiration,summer maize yield and water use efficiency.Nine irrigation regimes has been designed in summer maize growth period which consists：sufficient water supply in jointing and heading stage（T1N1）,sufficient water supply in jointing stage and moderate water deficit in heading stage（T1N2）,sufficient water supply in jointing stage and severe water deficit in heading stage（T1N3）,moderate water deficit in jointing stage and sufficient water supply in heading stage（T2N1）,moderate water deficit in jointing and heading stages（T2N2）,moderate water deficit in jointing and severe water deficit in heading stage（T2N3）,severe water deficit in jointing stage and adequate water supply in heading stage（T3N1）,severe water deficit in jointing stage and moderate water deficit in heading stage（T3N2）,severe water deficit in jointing stage and severe water deficit in heading stage（T3N3）.The results showed that：soil evaporation in the whole growth period of summer maize showed a pulse-shaped curve,and the percentage of evaporation to evaportranspiration of summer maize decreased from sowing to grain-filling stage and increased from grain-filling stage to maturity.The soil evaporation accounted for 34.89%~52.19% of evaportranspiration in the whole growth period of summer maize and the proportion was decreased along with water deficit intensity.Summer maize yield was showed as the order below：T1N2T2N1T1N3T2N2T2N3T1N1T3N1T3N2T3N3 and yield of T1N2 was significantly higher than others.Water use efficiency（WUE）of T1N2 was the highest among nine treatments（27.08 kg/（ha ·mm））while WUE of T1N1 was the lowest.WUE of T1N2 was higher than T3N1,T3N2,T3N3 and T1N1 for 12.78%,16.9%,19.79% and 26.92%,respectively.WUE of other treatments was declined along with irrigation amount increase.Thus,we conclude that tempo-spa

关 键 词：夏玉米 时空交替补灌 垄作 农田蒸散 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]