条件句语义关系性质对条件推理的影响  

The Effect of Qualities of Semantic Relations of Conditionals on Conditional Reasoning

作　　者：王墨耘[1] 周泽志[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062

出　　处：《心理学探新》2013年第4期322-328,共7页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金一般项目(09YJAXLX016);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31070901);教育部中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(GK200901021)

摘　　要：该研究用以大学生为被试的实验系统考察比较了三种条件句(充分条件、必要条件和充要条件)与四种推理格式(MP、DA、AC和MT)组合形成的12种条件推理的特点。实验结果发现,被试对大多数条件推理问题的众数反应是正确的,条件句种类和条件推理格式对条件推理的影响显著,二者都是通过推理问题所涉及的语义关系性质这个中介而影响正确结论的性质。12种条件推理问题的成绩结果主要取决于推理问题所涉及的语义关系的性质:充分的语义关系导致肯定的回答,必要的语义关系导致否定的回答,不充分的语义关系和不必要的语义关系都导致不确定的回答。An experiment was conducted to examine and compare college students＇ responses on 12 kinds of conditional reasoning prob- lems which were the combinations of the three conditionals （sufficient, necessary, sufficient and necessary conditionals）and the four rea- soning formats（ MP, DA, AC, and MT）. The results showed that participants＇ modal responses for most conditional reasoning problems were correct;both the type of conditionals and reasoning formats significantly influenced conditional reasoning by the medium of quali- ties of semantic relations involved in conditional reasoning problems. Sufficient semantic relations caused confirmative answers, necessa- ry semantic relations caused negative answers,both nonsufficient and nonnecessary semantic relations caused uncertain answers.

关 键 词：条件推理 充分条件 必要条件 充要条件 推理格式 语义关系 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]