不同受力环境下的钢轨扣件减振橡胶动态特性  

Dynamic property analysis of rubber absorber in rail fastenings under different force conditions

作　　者：张健[1] 王书卫[2] 罗雁云[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [2]铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司,天津300142

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2013年第4期52-58,共7页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAG11B02)

摘　　要：采用电液伺服试验机对钢轨扣件中橡胶材料受压为主和受剪为主提供弹性的2种减振橡胶的非线性动态特性进行试验研究。建立减振橡胶非线性动力学模型,运用最小二乘法进行参数识别,并进行模型有效性检验。利用建立的数学模型对各种工况的试验数据逐一拟合,得到2种扣件减振橡胶不同工况下的刚度和阻尼。刚度和阻尼的变化与振幅和频率密切相关;2种钢轨扣件减振橡胶的动态特性变化规律有一定相似性,但受压型扣件减振橡胶在刚度非线性程度、动刚度随振幅频率的变化率等方面均强于受剪型扣件减振橡胶,因此,在进行钢轨扣件的优化和创新设计过程中,应优先选用橡胶材料受剪切来提供弹性,以便实现不同载荷范围、不同振幅和频率条件下的刚度稳定性。The nonlinear dynamic property of rubber absorber in rail fastenings was studied by electro - hydraulic testing machine. Two kinds of rubber absorbers were tested in which rubber absorbers were compressed and sheared. A nonlinear dynamic model was established. The model parameters were obtained by the least square method, and the validity of the obtained model was verified. The stiffness and damping of two fasteners were de- rived by fitting experimental data bit by bit under various conditions. The result shows that stiffness and damping are closely related to excitation frequency and amplitude. The dynamic properties of the two rubber absorber are similar. In terms of compressed rubber absorber, it is greater in nonlinear degree and dynamic stiffness sensibility related to excitation frequency and amplitude than that of sheared rubber absorber. As a result, sheared absorber should have a priority in optimize design and innovation of rail fastening so as to achieve better stability of stiffness under different load ranges and excitation conditions.

关 键 词：钢轨扣件 橡胶 刚度 阻尼 振幅 频率 

分 类 号：U213.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]