动态情境任务中自闭症儿童社交定向的眼动研究  

On the Eye Movement Involving Autistic Children's Social Orientation Through a Dynamic-Situation Task

作　　者：林云强[1] 曹漱芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院,杭州310012

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2013年第9期33-39,70,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：2013年浙江省自然科学基金一般项目"孤独症群体孤岛能力的特征及形成机制研究"(项目批准号:Y13C090017);2013年浙江省自然科学基金青年项目"学前儿童图画书阅读加工的眼动研究"(项目批准号:LQ13C09003);2013年浙江省教育厅科研项目"学前融合教育中幼儿挑战性行为的功能特点研究"(项目批准号:Y201328488)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：以智力发展水平相匹配的37名自闭症儿童和28名普通儿童为被试,采用卡通动画片中不同类型的社交情境(正向和负向)片段作为刺激材料,借助Tobii X120眼动仪系统记录并分析被试的眼动数据,探讨自闭症儿童在动态情境任务中社交定向的眼动特征。结果发现:自闭症儿童对社交情境中目标区域的首进入时间和前注视点数显著长于或多于普通儿童;对于目标区域的注视时间和注视点数却显著少于普通儿童;自闭症儿童和普通儿童对正向社交情境目标区域的首注视时间显著长于对负向社交情境目标区域的首注视时间。研究者认为:自闭症儿童的社交知觉效能较低,存在较为明显的社交定向困难;社交定向的眼动特征表现出正性加工偏好的现象;社交定向的眼动特征可以作为自闭症儿童症状筛查的重要指标,并对教育干预工作具有启示作用。This study, by asking 37 children with autism and 28 mentally developing children to watch some different situation （positive or negative） clips from cartoon videos, and using the Tobii X120 Eyetracker to collect and analyze the subjects＇ eye movement data, aims to probe into autistic children＇s eye movements in a dynamic situation. The results show the following： the children with autism spend a significantly longer time on first fixa- tion and have significantly more pre-fixation counts than the normal children in the target area of the social situ- ation, but spend a significantly shorter time fixing on the target area and have less fixation counts in the target ar- ea than the normal children; the two groups of subjects spend a longer time on their first fixation on the target area in the positive social situation than on that in the negative social situation. The study concludes the following： children with autism have a less effective social perception and show significant difficulty in social orientation; their eye movements in social orientation show that they have a positive possessing bias; their eye movements in social orientation can be used as important indicators of autism symptoms, and have implications in autism inter- vention.

关 键 词：自闭症儿童 动态情境 社交定向 眼动研究 

分 类 号：B846[哲学宗教—心理学]