上海市中心城区幼儿园儿童超重和肥胖现状及其影响因素  

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Preschool Children in Shanghai Downtown Areas

作　　者：董媛[1] 王佳蕾[2] 吴玲玲[2] 蔡美琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院营养系,上海200025 [2]中国福利会托儿所,上海200040

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2013年第9期668-672,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解上海市中心城区学龄前儿童的超重和肥胖流行现状,探究膳食营养、饮食行为和家庭因素与儿童肥胖的关系,为制定预防儿童肥胖措施提供依据。[方法]选取上海市中心城区2所幼儿园共588名3～5岁儿童进行研究。采用成组设计的研究方法,调查117名超重或肥胖儿童(超重肥胖组)和471名正常儿童(正常对照组)连续3d的膳食摄入情况、饮食行为、家庭环境等;并对儿童的身高、体重进行体格测量。使用SPSS 16.0进行数据处理,用多因素logistic回归分析儿童膳食营养、饮食行为、家庭因素与超重和肥胖的关系。[结果]调查儿童中超重和肥胖率分别为15.31%和4.59%。超重肥胖组儿童膳食能量、脂肪摄入量明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。多因素分析发现,进食速度快(OR=3.012,95%CI:1.475～6.150),出生体重大(OR=1.708,95%CI:1.229～2.375),父母一方或双方超重或肥胖(OR=2.026,95%CI:1.065～3.855)是超重和肥胖发生的危险因素;摄入海产品频率高(OR=0.376,95%CI:0.186～0.759),母亲文化程度高(OR=0.431,95%CI:0.227～0.819)是超重和肥胖的保护因素。[结论]被调查儿童的超重和肥胖率较高;膳食营养、饮食习惯和家庭因素与超重和肥胖的发生密切相关。[ Objective ] To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in downtown Shanghai, and to investigate the correlation of overweight and obesity with dietary nutrition, eating behaviors, and family factors, in order to provide evidence for public health policy development. [ Methods ] A total of 588 children aged 3-5 years old from two kindergartens in downtown areas of Shanghai were enrolled. A group-matched study was conducted among 117 overweight or obese children （overweight/obesity group） and 471 healthy children （control group）. Their dietary intakes for 3 days, eating behaviors, and family environment were assessed. Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were conducted. SPSS 16.0 software was applied for X2 test and multivariate logistic analysis. [ Results ] The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the selected children were 15.31% and 4.59%, respectively. The daily dietary energy and fat intakes of the overweight/obesity group were higher than those of the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The results of the multivariate analysis revealed that taking food fast （OR=3.012, 95%CI： 1.475-6.150）, high birth weight （OR=1.708, 95%CI： 1.229-2.375）, and parental overweight or obesity （OR=2.026, 95%CI： 1.065-3.855） were risk factors of overweight and obesity; while high frequency of eating seafood （OR=0.376, 95%CI： 0.186-0.759） and high maternal education level （OR=0.431, 95%CI： 0.227-0.819） were protective factors. [ Conclusion ] The prevalence of overweight and obesity are high among the investigated children. Dietary nutrition, eating behaviors, and family factors are closely related to overweight and obesity in preschool children.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 肥胖 影响因素 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]