双向背景信息外部锚问题决策的眼动特征  

The Eye Movement Characteristics in External Anchor Decision Making Tasks Backed by Positive and Negative Information

作　　者：王晓庄[1] 白学军[1] 闫国利[1] 刘志方[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300074

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第5期1026-1030,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(08JJDXLX266)的资助

摘　　要：采用眼动技术,考察锚值及背景信息对外部锚问题决策的影响。通过双向背景信息外部锚问题决策实验,记录被试答题结果及其在重点兴趣区眼动轨迹。结果发现:高、低锚组锚定效应指数均在.76以上。回答锚值比较问题时,从锚值向反向信息眼跳次数和注视时间显著多于向正向信息眼跳次数和注视时间。回答估计值问题时,从估计值问题向锚值眼跳次数和注视时间显著多于向双向信息眼跳次数和注视时间。结果表明,问题决策出现较高程度锚定效应。决策中产生对反向背景信息的注意与加工偏向。支持了选择通达和信息加工负性偏向观点。The Anchoring effect refers to the phenomena of estimation bias that the judgment and decision making result or target value approached excessively the initial information or value. The present study examined how anchor value would affect decision making process in external anchor decision making tasks with eye tracking. A simple random design was used in the experiment with material of general knowledge backed by positive and negative information. The independent variable was anchor value with high and low levels. Dependent variables were judgment ratio of anchor value comparing questions, index of anchoring effect （ IA ） , frequencies of choices and eye movement index （IA FSA count and IA FSA duration）. Participants were 64 students, with 31 males and 33 females. Subject＇s task was making judgments and estimating the target value after reading the background information. The present study developed a two - step paradigm; the multiple choice question followed the classical two - step task. The background information and the decision mak- ing tasks were presented in a four - step format. The dual background information was presented in the first step, the anchor value com- paring question was presented in the second step, the estimating question was presented in the third step, and the multiple choice ques- tion was presented in the fourth step. The statistics indicated that IA was above. 76, there was a high level anchoring effect in the two anchor groups. IA FSA count and IA FSA duration measures indicated ： （ 1 ） At the stage of answering anchor comparing questions, IA FSA counts from ＂ anchor value IA＂ to ＂negative information IA＂ were more than the counts to ＂positive information IA＂, and IA FSA duration from ＂anchor value IA＂ to ＂negative information IA＂ was longer than the duration to ＂positive information IA＂. （2） At the stage of answering target value esti- mate questions, IA FSA counts from ＂estimate question IA＂ to ＂anchor value IA＂ were more than th

关 键 词：外部锚问题 双向信息 锚值 眼动特征 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]