童年中后期儿童同伴接纳知觉准确性与偏差及其对社交退缩的影响  

Accuracy and Bias of Children's Perceptions of Peer Acceptance in Middle Childhood and Prospective Associations with Social Withdrawal

作　　者：游志麒[1,2] 周然[3] 周宗奎[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079 [3]武汉大学经济与管理学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第5期1153-1158,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大攻关项目(11&ZD151);华中师范大学优秀博士学位论文培育计划(CCNU13TO4086)的资助

摘　　要：以小学三年级至六年级的儿童为被试,探讨同伴接纳知觉准确性的年级和性别差异,同时考察同伴接纳知觉准确性及偏差对社交退缩行为的预测作用。儿童完成同伴评定、知觉评定、社交自我知觉和班级戏剧量表。结果表明:(1)随着年级的升高,儿童的同伴接纳知觉越来越准确;儿童的同性同伴接纳知觉准确性不存在显著的性别差异;四年级男生的异性同伴接纳知觉准确性显著低于女生;(3)同伴接纳知觉准确性显著正向预测安静退缩和活跃退缩;同伴接纳知觉偏差显著负向预测安静退缩,但对活跃退缩不具有显著的预测效应。Children begin to continually improve their self - evaluation ability through social comparison during middle childhood. Pre- vious studies indicate that there is no agreement on whether perception of peer acceptance differs when children are rating a same - gen- der or opposite - gender peer group. Furthermore, some studies indicate that children develop more accurate and positive bias percep- tions of themselves with increasing grade in middle childhood. This issue is important in part because there might be an association be- tween children＇s perception of peer acceptance and their social withdrawal behaviors. Therefore, the main goals of the present study were to investigate gender and grade differences in peer acceptance perception accuracy in middle childhood, and to explore associations be- tween these perceptions and two types of social withdrawal （ active isolation and passive withdrawal）. The study sample was selected by a random cluster sampling method, comprised of students From the 3rd grade to the 6th grade in an elementary school in Wuhan City, China. A total of 498 students （276 boys and 222 gifts） completed the questionnaires. The chil- dren in the current study were asked to rate how much they liked their classmates and how much they would be liked by each classmate, and children also were asked to complete the Self- Perceived Social Competence （SPSC） measure and the Revised Class Play question- naire. Accuracy of peer acceptance was indexed by the mean difference （ absolute values） between pairs of predicted and received rat- ings, and the bias of peer acceptance was measured by standardized residuals derived by regressing children＇s responses to the Social Acceptance Subscale of the SPSC onto peer acceptance ratings. F - test was performed to examine sex or grade differences on the varia- bles, and multilevel regression analyses were conducted to explore the association among variables. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） Higher grade children displayed more accurate pe

关 键 词：同伴接纳 知觉准确性 知觉偏差 活跃退缩 安静退缩 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]