工作记忆负荷对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童过滤新异分心刺激能力的影响  

Effect of Working Memory Load on Filtering Novel Distracters in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

作　　者：金颖[1] 刘翔平[2] 李开强[2] 兰彦婷[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京教育学院校长研修学院,北京100120 [2]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《心理学报》2013年第9期961-969,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市委托课题"中小学教师心理健康教育与评估系统的研究与应用";"国家科技支撑计划项目"(2012BAI36B03)资助

摘　　要：关于启动工作记忆负荷的强度与过滤分心刺激这两种认知资源的关系一直存在争论;并且对ADHD儿童来说,新异的分心刺激是提高了唤醒水平,还是干扰了任务进程也一直存在争论。本研究选取了ADHD儿童32名,正常儿童35名。采用视听跨通道oddball任务,通过操作视觉任务工作记忆负荷的高低,以及分心刺激与目标刺激之间的时间间隔,探讨不同工作记忆负荷对ADHD儿童过滤新异分心刺激能力的影响。结果发现:(1)在低工作记忆负荷条件下,分心刺激对两组儿童都起到了唤醒作用;在高工作记忆负荷条件下,分心刺激影响了两组儿童对任务本身的加工过程,使其判断的精确性下降。但是ADHD儿童受到的影响更大,表明其过滤分心刺激的能力落后。(2)当分心刺激与目标刺激同时出现时,ADHD儿童受到的干扰最大;但随着二者时间间隔的延长,并没有出现间隔越长干扰效应越小的趋势。在本研究条件下,得出以下结论:(1)两组儿童对跨通道新异分心刺激的过滤受到目标任务的工作记忆负荷强度的影响。(2)适度延长分心刺激与目标刺激之间的时间间隔可能会帮助ADHD的注意回归。One of the behavioral manifestations of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder（ADHD） is their abnormal apparent distractibility.But a number of attempts to prove that children with ADHD are abnormally distractible have been unsuccessful.Selective or focused attention tasks often do not differentiate children with ADHD from normal controls.One of the reasons may be that most distraction or selective attention tasks are not ecologically valid measures of distraction in daily life situations,because in daily life,the distraction that has to be inhibited is outside the task and not conflicting with task demands.Therefore,some researchers began to explore the mechanism of involuntary attention and distractibility in ADHD,as indicated by cross-modal oddball task.There are a few studies in this field,but the results are opposite.There is a disputation about the effect of novel distracters on children with ADHD.The former suggests that novel distracters can enhance their performance temporarily,while the latter claims that it can enhance distractibility.By analyzing the two viewpoints,the authors have found that the primary reason leading to the disputation of the two viewpoints might be caused by the different working memory（WM） load of the tasks in their experiments.Therefore,the authors speculated that the level of WM load of tasks may have effect on filtering novel distracters in children with ADHD.Besides,the authors speculated that the time interval between distracters and tasks may also have influence on filtering distracters.Previous studies on the ability of filtering novel distracters in children with ADHD have little ecological validity due to the lacking of novelty in choosing distracters;and the debate on the relation between working memory load and filtering distracters always exists.Conducting the task of audio-visual cross-modal oddball,the study aimed at discussing the effect of different working memory load on filtering novel distracters in children with ADHD by operating the lev

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 工作记忆负荷 新异分心刺激 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]