真知格物,必成圣贤——朱子“格物”解发覆  

Those Who Really Understand Ge Wu Should Be Sages of Virtue——Recovering the Real Meaning of Zhu Zi's“Ge Wu”

作　　者：许家星[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学 江右哲学研究中心 [2]人文学院哲学系,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2013年第5期27-34,共8页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"朱子四书学之系列比较研究"(13CZX045);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"江右四书学研究"(10YJC720053);江西省教育科学规划项目"江西古代‘四书’教育研究"(12YD117)

摘　　要：学界对朱子学核心范畴"格物"研讨甚多,然仍有待发之覆。朱子"格物"乃成圣之学而非知识之学,它融理性、信仰、存心、实践、境界、道德、觉悟为一体,具有深刻复杂的内涵。朱子将"决定是要做圣贤"视为格物"第一义",视"至极"为格物的落脚点,主张格物非知识化学问,而是"见得亲切自然信得及"的理性信仰之学;亦非形式化学问,而是"若实见得自然行处无差"的实践之学。格物不仅是"观理"之方,还是"所以明此心"的存心之法;不仅是为学之始,还是"凡圣之关"的标尺。格物无需穷尽知识,"知至只是到脱然贯通处",它遵循本末、合为、理事、贯通等原则。格物作为朱子四书学的枢纽范畴,还是朱子批判佛老的利器。从圣贤之学而非认识论的角度,方能真切把握朱子格物的蕴含,这也是理解整个宋明理学的立足点。There are a lot of research achievements on Zhu Zi＇ s core category Ge Wu, but they didn＇ t recover its real meaning Zhu Zi ＇ s Ge Wu is pointing to sages of virtue, but not knowledge,which has complex content, con- taining reason , faith, mind, practice, state, moral and conciouseness ;＂ extreme ＂ is the foot of Zhu Zi ＇ s Ge Wu, Zhu Zi took ＂ should be sage＂ as the first meaning of Ge Wu, so Ge Wu is not cognitive knowledge, but reason faith of ＂if you understand cordially, so you believe naturally＂ ; not formal knowledge but real knowledge practices of ＂if you understand really,so practice will be right naturally＂. Ge Wu is not only the way of ＂observing way＂ ,but also the way of ＂ keeping the mind＂ ; not only the start of learning , but also the measure of ＂ mortal and sage＂. It doesn＇ t need to grasp all knowledge, but to realize the insight, which follows the principle of root and end ; it should do, through consistenc, li and thing, as the core category of Zhu Zi＇ s Four Books＇ Learning, Ge Wu is also the weap- on of criticizing Buddhism and Daoism;only on the viewing of sage learning, can we grasp the real meaning of Ge Wu ,which is also the foot to understand the Neo -Confucianism.

关 键 词：朱子 格物 圣贤 发覆 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]