多元化的工程教育历史传统  

Diversity of Historical Traditions in Engineering Education

作　　者：孔寒冰[1] 叶民[1] 王沛民[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学科教发展战略研究中心

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2013年第5期1-12,共12页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

摘　　要：现代工程教育以1747年巴黎路桥学校的建立为开端。法国大革命中巴黎综合理工大学校的开办,标志法国工程教育模式的形成与确立。它直接影响到德国和俄国的工程教育,以及早期的美国工程教育,但对英国影响甚微。如果说法国代表的欧洲模式是精英传统,那么英国模式就是一种经验传统。美国工程教育同时存在着两种基因,但得益相彰以致成就了今天的美国模式。日本和中国的工程教育发生较晚,命运坎坷。尤其是在中国,至今还在探索自己的道路。本文分别探讨欧洲、美国和中日,各自工程教育的起源、传统与初期发展,以便正确识别中国工程教育未来发展的历史起点与可能的策略和路径。The first formal engineering education began with the establishment of the Ecole des Ponts et Chauss6es in France in 1747. At the time of the French Revolution, the Grande Ecole Polytechnique （1794）was established. French institutions provided a model for engineering education, which influ- enced directly the engineering education in Germany and Russia, as well as the early American engi- neering education. French elite mode of engineering education had little power on the traditional British model, which is a kind of experience of industrial workshops. The engineering education in the US was a combination of the above two models, but still had an American uniqueness. In Japan and China, the engineering education was established in the late 19th century and had different traces. This paper discusses the engineering education with their different roots and historical experiences in several countries as mentioned during the past 270 years, with a view to identify a historical turning point in the future of Chinese engineering education and explore potential strategies and directions.

关 键 词：工程教育 欧洲大陆模式 美国模式 发展史 

分 类 号：TB-4[一般工业技术] G642[文化科学—高等教育学]