新型环境污染物高氯酸盐的环境化学行为、食品安全及健康风险  

Environmental transport behaviors of perchlorate as an emerging pollutant and their effects on food safety and health risk

作　　者：方齐乐[1] 陈宝梁[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境科学系浙江省有机污染过程与控制重点实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《科学通报》2013年第26期2626-2642,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(20890111)和国家自然科学基金(41071210)资助

摘　　要：高氯酸盐(ClO4-)是一种新型的环境污染物,其来源广泛、化学性质稳定、迁移性强、潜在毒性大、暴露途径多,对食品安全和人体健康构成巨大威胁,是环境、食品和健康等领域共同关注的焦点之一,而我国相关研究则刚刚起步.本文概括了ClO4-的污染来源及其环境化学行为,总结了自来水、瓶装水、牛奶、蔬菜水果、谷物、肉制品、饮料、药物、饲料添加剂等介质中ClO4-的污染浓度水平;重点评述了ClO4-进入人体的暴露途径、人体体液中ClO4-浓度水平及其健康风险,展望了其未来研究重点,以期为我国开展ClO4-环境化学行为、食品安全、人体健康风险和相关安全标准研究提供借鉴.Perchlorate （ClO4^-） is an emerging environmental pollutant. Because of its broad origins, stable chemical properties, easy mobility and potential toxicity,ClO4^- poses a big threat for food safety and human health, which has drawn a great concern and spurred many studies by the scientific communities of environment, food safety and human health. In this paper, pollution sources and environmental transport behaviors of perchlorate are described. Concentrations of ClO4^- in drinking water and foodstocks are summarized, including tap water, bottled water, milk, vegetable, fruit, grain, meat product, beverage, drug and feed additive. To evaluate health risk, the exposure pathways, levels in body fluids and health effects on organisms ofClO4^-are highlighted. In order to provide references for relevant studies in China, the research trends and currently existing problems are prospected.

关 键 词：高氯酸盐 环境化学行为 饮用水 食品安全 暴露途径 健康风险 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]