基于轮轨关系的车轮踏面损伤机理研究  

Research on Wheel Tread Damage Mechanism Based on Interaction of Wheel and Rail

作　　者：陶功权[1] 王衡禹[1] 赵鑫[1] 杜星[1] 温泽峰[1] 郭俊[2] 朱旻昊[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2013年第18期23-29,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1134202;51275430);国家科技支撑计划(2009BAG12A01-B11/B03);教育部创新团队(IRT1178)资助项目

摘　　要：建立装有209P型转向架的25G客车车辆系统动力学模型,分析车辆在三种典型曲线上运行时各车轮的受力情况和轮轨接触点位置。利用滚动接触疲劳模型安定图和基于磨耗数的车轮损伤函数分析车轮踏面损伤原因,并对现场车轮踏面损伤情况进行调查。研究结果表明,车辆通过曲线时导向轮对低轨侧车轮蠕滑力的合力均指向直角坐标系的第三象限,易导致车轮表面产生与蠕滑力合力方向相垂直的裂纹,其方向与现场观测到的裂纹方向相一致,且轮轨接触斑材料处于棘轮效应区,同时根据损伤函数得到车轮损伤值大于0,即属于疲劳裂纹损伤;随着曲线半径的减小,轮轨蠕滑力合力显著地增大。磨耗后车轮频繁通过小半径曲线是导致车轮踏面外侧裂纹和剥离的主要原因。The vehicle system dynamic model of 25G passenger car equipped with 209P bogie is set up. The creep wheel/rail creep force and wheel/rail contact are analyzed when the passenger car operating on three typical curved tracks, in which the measured profiles of the wheels and rails from the sites are used. The analysis uses the rolling contact fatigue model described by a shakedown map and wheel damage function based on wear amount of wheel/rail .to fred the reasons of wheel tread damage. Additionally, the wheel tread damage is investigated at the sites. The obtained results indicate that the total creep force on the wheel of leading wheelset on the low rail of a curved track points to the third quadrant of the Cartesian coordinate system when the vehicle passing over the curved track. The creep force easily result in cracks on the wheel surface and their directions are approximately perpendicular to the creep force, and which is the almost same as the situation observed at the sites. The material in wheel rail contact patch is ratcheted, and the value of wheel damage based on damage function is larger than zero, that is, the wheel tread suffers from fatigue crack damage. With the curve radius decrease, the total creep force observably increases. The frequently passing over the sharp curves is the main reason of cracking and shelling the wheel tread field side.

关 键 词：轮轨关系 车轮踏面损伤 安定图 损伤函数 蠕滑力 

分 类 号：U211[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]