论中国古代学术的“大生命”形态——兼论中国古代文学史之学科形态  

On the Form of "Great Life" in Ancient Chinese Scholarship——An Exploration of the Disciplinary Forms in Ancient Chinese Literary History

作　　者：劳承万[1] 

机构地区：[1]湛江师范学院"康德-牟宗三"研究所,广东湛江524048

出　　处：《湛江师范学院学报》2013年第5期23-33,共11页Journal of Zhanjiang Normal College

摘　　要：中国古代学术(经、子、史)皆源于上古圣人之德性仁心:燧人氏(熟食)、有巢氏(住屋)、伏羲氏(识天文/养家畜)、神农氏(种田)、仓颉(造字)、黄帝(纺衣);尧舜禹汤文武周孔(治人治世,心性禅让;封侯建国,创设礼乐;礼崩乐坏,凝聚仁心)。此是几千年的亘古历史文化累积,成就了中华民族的"心文化"。上古圣人系列之善性,亦即族群的大生命精神,揭幕了中华民族的伟大开端。中国久处农业社会,"天时—地利—人和"对农业庄稼的生命(收成)有决定性的意义。由此,也决定了农者的生命价值,乃至士农工商四民社会的生存状况。此曰"天人一体"的生命本义。这种"天人一体"性的大生命,唯农业社会所特有,至今未变。"心文化"的德性总源头,化生于"天人一体"性的大生命中(天地之大德曰生),此即合内外,一天人。这是中华民族文化精神的壮丽开端,其下的一切学术布局皆贯通于"德性仁心—天人一体"二重性之大生命气象,这是一个教化系统。此与西方之向外逐物之"脑文化"绝异,与其以数学、逻辑为基础的学术、知识结构亦绝异。研究西方学术之突破口与引线,是其数理观念;研究中国学术之突破口与引线,是那"在心为志,发言为诗"的诗。由诗返志,曰诗教。故孔夫子曰:"不学诗,无以言","诗三百,……思无邪"。The ancient Chinese scholarship, including Confueian classics, philosophical writings, his- torical records and miscellaneous works, all originates from the morality and kindheartedness of ancient saints. For examples, Sui Ren Shi granted the cooking, You Chao Shi the shelter, Fu xi Shi astronomy and livestock, Shen Nong Shi the farming, Cang Jie the coinage, Huang Di the weaving, and especially in the cases of Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou, Kong. They rule both the people and the territory, transfer the throne to the wiser, grant the lordship in building the country, formulate the rites and music, preserve the music in the collapses of rites, and strengthen the kindheartedness. Through the cultural and historical accumulations of several thousand years, it has established the ＂Heart culture＂ of Chinese na- tionality. The kindheartedness of ancient sages, the ＂Great Life＂ spirit of the nation, is the great begin- ning of our Chinese nationality. For a long time, China has been in agricultural society, and in this way the harmonies between heaven, earth and people prove to be vital for the life （harvest） of agricultural farming. Therefore, it also determines the life value of farmers, and even the living conditions of the four civic soci- eties of officials, farmer, craftsmen and businessmen. And this is said to be the essence of life in ＂the Inte- gration of Heaven and People＂. This form of ＂Great Life＂ belongs exclusively to agricultural society, and it remains the same. The root of morality in ＂Heart culture＂ is generated within the Great Life character- ized with the integration of heaven and people. And this is the communication between inside and outside, and the oneness between heaven and people. This is the glorious beginning of the cultural spirits of Chi- nese nation, and within it all the scholarship has been configured throughout the Great Life characterized by a double implication of ＂Morality and Kindheartedness＂ and ＂Integration of Heaven and People＂. And this is

关 键 词：德性仁心 大生命形态 诗之教化 古代学术 

分 类 号：I024[文学—文学理论]