中美灾后重建对比研究——以美国格林斯堡镇与中国汶川灾区为例  

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POST-DISASTER RECOVERY IN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA——CASE STUDY OF GREENSBURG AND WENCHUAN

作　　者：杜娟[1,2] 杨赛霓[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室 [2]民政部/教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第5期506-510,共5页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：科技部国际科技合作资助项目(2012DFG20710)

摘　　要：通过对美国格林斯堡镇与我国汶川灾区灾后重建工作进行对比,比较其规划制定流程、内容及执行过程的异同,并对重建效果进行分析.分析显示,1)在规划制定方面,美国采取"自下而上"方式,我国采取"自上而下"方式;2)在规划内容方面,美国以细节到整体的积累方式形成,我国以从框架到内容的填充方式完成;3)在执行过程中,美国的政府、社区、非盈利机构、基金会等组织合作密切且公众参与度高,我国采用的对口支援政策有利于集中优势以提高工作效率.With recent frequent natural disasters, post-disaster recovery has attracted more ann more attention. Post-disaster recovery in Greensburg （U. S. ） suffering from a server tornado disaster was compared with recovery after an Ms 8.0 earthquake disaster in Wenchuan （China）. The comparison included recovery planning process, planning contents, implementation and recovery impact. The comparison revealed the following differences, In planning process, the U.S. was typical ＂bottom-up＂ pattern, while China was ＂top down＂ pattern; As for planning contents, the U. S. took an integrated approach, starting from details to structure, while China took an expansion approach, starting from framework to details; In execution, the U.S. government closely cooperated with communities, NGOs, foundations and other private sectors and active public participation provided solid bases for planning and decision making. While in China, the central government optimized national-wide resources allocation to effectively strengthen ability of disaster reduction and recovery, specially implementation of paired-assistance policy greatly boosted post disaster recovery.

关 键 词：灾后重建 格林斯堡 汶川 对比研究 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]