专用小麦胚乳背部和腹部淀粉粒发育的差异  

Difference on the Development of Starch Granules in the Dorsal and Ventral Region of Endosperm among Wheat Cultivars with Special End-uses

作　　者：熊飞[1] 张琛[1] 余徐润[1] 周亮[1] 王忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2013年第6期1270-1276,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171482);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2011445);江苏省研究生创新工程项目(CXLX12-0910)

摘　　要：为从微观角度了解小麦胚乳淀粉体的发生和发展过程,以强筋小麦徐麦30、中筋小麦扬麦11和弱筋小麦扬麦13为材料,利用显微技术研究了小麦胚乳背部和腹部淀粉粒的大小、数量和发育等特性。结果表明:(1)小麦胚乳淀粉粒粒径在颖果发育前期增加速率较快,而在发育后期增加较慢。同一品种腹部大淀粉粒粒径长度高于背部。品种间大淀粉粒粒径表现为扬麦13>扬麦11>徐麦30,小淀粉粒径表现为扬麦13>徐麦30>扬麦11。(2)在小麦胚乳发育过程中单位面积大淀粉粒的数量呈现先降后升的变化趋势。小麦胚乳大淀粉粒数量表现为徐麦30>扬麦11>扬麦13。胚乳细胞中小淀粉粒数量呈现持续增加的趋势,前期增加速率较快,后期较慢,品种间大小淀粉粒总数量均表现为扬麦13>扬麦11>徐麦30。(3)不同专用小麦成熟籽粒背部和腹部淀粉粒的形态及分布存在差异。同一品种腹部大淀粉粒数量较多,小淀粉粒数量较少,而背部小淀粉粒数量较多,大淀粉数目较少。三种专用小麦相比,弱筋小麦扬麦13小淀粉粒的数量最多,且排列疏松;而强筋小麦徐麦30小淀粉粒数量较少,且与蛋白体紧密结合,质地致密;中筋小麦扬麦11介于两者之间。Three wheat varieties, i. e. Xumai 30 （strong-gluten）, Yangmai 11 （medium-gluten） and Yangmai 13 （weak-gluten） were used to investigate the size, quantity and development of starch gran- ules in dorsal and ventral endosperm using micro-technique. The main results were as follows ： （1） The size of starch granules increased rapidly at the early stage of endosperm development, but more slowly at later stage, and the size in ventral was higher than that in dorsal region. The order of large starch granules in size was as Yangmai 13〉Yangmai 11〉Xumai 30, while the order of small starch granules was as Yangmai 13〉Xumai 30）Yangmai 11. （2） The quantity per unit of large starch granules in- creased at early stage then slowed down at later stage. The quantity order of large starch granules was as Xumai 30） Yangmai 11〉Yangmai 13, their qualities in dorsal region were more than that in ven- tral region. The order of total qualities including large and small starch granules was as Yangmai 13~ Yangmai ll）Xumai 30; （3） In the mature grain, the morphology and distribution of starch granules varied in dorsal and ventral region of endosperm. The more large starch granules while fewer small starch granules were observed in ventral region, whereas it was converse for dorsal region of endo- sperm. Among 3 varieties, the small starch granules in weak gluten variety Yangmai 13 were the most and arranged loosely, but those in strong gluten variety Xumai 30were the least and arranged tightly, and those in Yangmai 11 were shown between the two varieties.

关 键 词：专用小麦 胚乳 淀粉粒 背部 腹部 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S331