不同目标标记方式对多目标追踪表现的影响  

The Effects of Targets' Marking Types on Multiple Object Tracking Performance

作　　者：魏柳青[1,2] 张学民[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]河南省体育科学研究所,郑州450044 [3]认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第6期1355-1362,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"多目标视觉追踪中注意分配的认知神经机制研究"(31271083);国家重点基础研究计划(973项目)(2011CB711000)的资助

摘　　要：有关多目标追踪的研究多采用目标闪烁数次或目标周围出现方框等视觉方式对目标进行标记。在已有研究基础上,通过2个实验比较了不同目标数量下视觉平行标记、视觉序列标记、听觉序列标记(视听跨通道标记)和视听双通道序列标记4种目标标记方式对多目标追踪表现的影响。实验一发现目标数量为3时,4种目标标记方式下的追踪正确率无显著差异;目标数量为4时,视觉序列标记条件下的追踪正确率最高;目标数量为5时,视听双通道序列标记下的追踪正确率最高。实验二发现视觉平行标记和视觉序列标记下的追踪正确率显著高于视听跨通道序列标记条件。研究结果表明在多目标追踪任务中,线索阶段目标的视觉标记比视听跨通道标记更有效,且不受目标的序列或平行标记的影响,而视觉编码和听觉编码的结合即目标的视听双通道标记可以促进任务难度较高时的追踪表现。MOT （Multiple Object Tracking） begins with an experimental paradigm developed by Pylyshyn and Storm （1988） and becomes an active and challenging research topic today. It is a widely used paradigm in the study of capacity-limit and object-based attention. Much like MOT, MIT （Multiple Identity Tracking） in which each object carries a unique identity is used to study more complicated cognitive processes, such as identity recognition. In previous studies, MOT and MIT tasks were usually presented in visual modality, for example, when marking the objects to be tracked during the cueing phase, the targets would flash a few times or there were squares occurred outside the targets, which were both by visual forms. However, in the real world, people usually receive various kinds of information from multiple sensory modalities. Especially when lacking visual information, people will rely more on the information input from auditory or other sensory modalities. The present study investigated the effect of visual marking and audiovisual cross-modality marking of targets on participants’ tracking performance. The present study included 2 experiments and compared the effects of four different marking type on people’s tracking performance. The four different marking types are visual-parallel marking, visual-sequence marking, auditory-sequence marking （audiovisual cross-modality marking） and audiovisual double-modality marking respectively. In the visual-parallel marking condition, objects to be tracked flashed a few times simultaneously, while in the visual-sequence marking condition, the targets flashed one by one. In the auditory-sequence marking condition, the observers first heard the sound of numbers （experiment 1） or characters （experiment 2） inside the objects, and then searched for the location of the targets according to the identity of the targets heard before. And in the audiovisual double-modality marking condition, the observers not only saw the flash of targets but also heard the identi

关 键 词：多目标追踪 目标标记方式 视听跨通道 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]