体验的心理机制研究  

A Study on the Psychological Mechanism of Experience

作　　者：张鹏程[1] 卢家楣[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第6期1498-1503,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：上海市重点学科"发展与教育心理学"建设项目(S30401);上海地方高校大文科研究生学术新人培育计划(B-7063-12-001027)的资助

摘　　要：体验是个体以身体为中介,以"行或思"为手段,以知情相互作用为典型特征,作用于人的对象对人产生意义时而引发的不断生成的居身状态。体验的心理机制研究一般包括对象的呈现、意义的建构、身体的变化、体验的形成,以及体验的延展五个环节。从存在的基本形态看,体验可分为外显体验和内隐体验两种。体验及其心理机制的深入研究,对未来的情绪心理学、认知心理学、文化心理学,以及本土心理学的进一步发展都有着重要的促进作用。The experience, regarding human body as the medium, working with the means of ＂behavior or thought＂, taking the typical character of the interaction of cognition - emotion, is a kind of physiological and mental state which is consecutively constructive, as well as induced when facing the objects which act on individual being significantly. Research on the psychological mechanisms of experience is an effective way to grasp the connotation of experience and realize the function of experience. The psychological mechanism of experience mainly consists of five parts. Firstly, it needs the presentation of the object. Like other psychological phenomena, it essentially reflects that the experience also has it＇s corresponding psychological content. Secondly, it needs the construction of meaning. As a subject, people need objects for evoking experience. However, not all objects can make the person produce psychological experience. We perceive the world not as simple, realized things, but as possible formation for human service. Therefore, besides object, the other necessary condition is that the object must be meaningful to us. Thirdly, it needs body changes. The core of it is the reaction of physiological and psychological changes. Fourtla, the experience occurs. By the construction of individu- al meaning, the object will cause the corresponding physical and mental changes in the individualg body. When the changes go into the consciousness, which is ＂awareness＂ , then experience occurs. Finally, with the passage of time, according to the need of the individu- ality and the society, the experience takes two basic forms -explicit experience and implicit experience. Explicit experience and implicit experience are not isolated; they repel ,each other, but there is also a dialectical unification be- tween them. On the one hand, they are significantly different from each other. On one hand, they are both mutual penetration and mu- tual transformation. From the view of the source, the explicit experience and implici

关 键 词：体验 机制 心理机制 基本形态 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]