青少年焦虑障碍的临床特征及社会心理学影响因素  

Clinical features and related factors to anxiety disorders in adolescents

作　　者：杨帆[1] 高维佳[1] 冯哲[2] 马静[3] 丁军[4] 苏林雁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅二医院精神卫生研究所,长沙410011 [2]深圳市妇幼保健院 [3]湖南省脑科医院 [4]深圳市康宁医院

出　　处：《中华精神科杂志》2013年第3期147-152,共6页Chinese Journal of Psychiatry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81171291）

摘　　要：目的 探讨青少年焦虑障碍的临床特征和社会心理学影响因素,并筛选其保护因素.方法 80例焦虑障碍青少年患者（病例组）和92名正常对照（对照组）完成儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表（SCARED）、行为抑制气质量表（BIS）、青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、养育关系问卷（PBI）、心理弹性量表（RS）、长处和困难问卷（SDQ）,分析青少年焦虑障碍的临床特征及社会心理学影响因素.通过对各量表的分析,筛选出2组间有差异的因子,建立logistic回归模型,分析青少年焦虑障碍的保护因素和危险因素.结果 （1）罹患1种焦虑障碍者30例（37.5％）,同时罹患2种者20例（25.0％）,同时罹患3种者16例（20.0％）,3种以上者14例（17.5％）；共患抑郁39例（48.8％）.（2）病例组SCARED总分及各因子得分显著高于对照组（P均＜0.001）；BIS总分高于对照组（P ＜0.05）；PBI的“父亲关怀”因子得分低于对照组,“母亲控制”和“父亲控制”因子得分高于对照组（P均＜0.01）；ASLEC总分及人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、健康适应和其他5个因子得分均高于对照组（P均＜0.001）；RS总分及“个人胜任力因子”和“自我悦纳因子”得分均低于对照组（P均＜0.001）；SDQ的“困难总分”、“情绪症状”、“品行问题”、“多动注意缺陷”和“同伴交往问题”的得分高于对照组（P均＜0.05）,而在亲社会行为因子上低于对照组得分（P＜0.05）.（3）心理弹性-自我悦纳因子是保护性因子（OR =0.87,P=0.000）,而生活事件-健康适应因子（OR=1.34,P=0.001）和行为抑制气质（OR=1.67,P=0.000）是焦虑障碍的危险因子.结论 青少年焦虑障碍共病多,焦虑不仅影响其情绪,也影响其行为和同伴关系；父母关怀低而控制高的养育方式、生活中遭受的挫折和压力、自我悦纳程度低以及具有行为抑制气质的青少年更易罹患焦�Objective To explore the social and psychological risk factors to anxiety disorders in adolescents,and to screen protective factors and risk factors and establish the prediction model.Methods The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders （SCARED）,Behavioral Inhibition Scale （BIS）,Parental Bonding Instrument（PBI）,Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist（ASLEC）,Resilience Scale （RS）,Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire （SDQ） were filled by participants from both cases group （80 cases） and control group （92 cases）.Then,adolescents with anxiety disorders were interviewed by the Development and Well-Being Assessment （DAWBA）.Results （1） In case group,30 of 80 （37.5％） adolescents met criteria for a second anxiety disorder,25％ met two different anxiety disorders,20％ met three and 17.5％ of them met even more.The rate of depression and anxiety co-morbidity was 48.8％ in the study.（2） Compared with normal control group,adolescents with anxiety disorders had higher scores in SCARED and its subscales（all P ＜ 0.001）,and higher scores in BIS（P ＜ 0.05） and Father Protection and Mother Protection score,but lower in Father Care score,in PBI（all P ＜ 0.01）,and higher scores in ASLEC total and subscales such as Interpersonal Relationship,Study Stress,By the Punishment,Healthy Adjustment and （all P ＜ 0.001）.As to RS scale,case group had lower scores in total scores,Personal Competence and Self Acceptance than control ones（all P ＜ 0.001）,and adolescents with anxiety disorders had higher scores in SDQ Total Difficulties,Emotional Symptoms,Conduct Problems,InattentionHyperactive and Peer Problems （all P ＜ 0.05） but lower score in Prosocial Sore than control group （P ＜0.05）.（3） BI（OR =1.67,P =0.000）,ASLEC-healthy ＆ accommodation （OR =1.34,P =0.001） were risk factors of adolescents＇ anxiety,but RS-self-acceptance（OR =0.87,P =0.000） was protective factor of adolescents anxiety disorders.Conclusion The rates o

关 键 词：青少年 焦虑 疾病特征 危险因素 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] C912.6[哲学宗教—心理学]