我国民事公益诉讼的经济分析——基于理性的视角  

An Economic Analysis of China's Civil Public Interest Litigation——From the Perspective of Rationality

作　　者：白彦[1] 杨兵[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871 [2]北京市朝阳区人民法院,北京100026

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第6期106-114,共9页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：我国现阶段的民事公益诉讼从"成本-收益"视角考量,原告提起诉讼是非理性的,虽然这种诉讼具有一定社会效益,但社会的收益不应以个人的成本负担为代价。而且,由于判决既判力无法扩张,我国现阶段民事公益诉讼具有非公共性,而法院在对待公益诉讼中表现出的"冷静",实质上是法院基于自身利益考量而出现的一种类似"政府失灵"的状态。另外,由于"公共利益"的模糊性,导致我国现阶段民事公益诉讼有很大的不确定性,正好刺激了一些人滥用公益诉讼形式去追求个人利益最大化的行为。而消解我国现阶段民事公益诉讼中的非理性因素的最优选择是制度激励,包括赋予民事公益诉讼判决以扩张效力、对公益诉讼的原告给予经济上的适当激励等。At present it is irrational in our country that a plaintiff brings a civil public interest suit from the angle of cost-profit. This kind of suit can result in some social benefits, but it can＇ t be done at the expense of individual cost burden. Moreover, our civil public interest litigation is non-public because Res judicata can＇ t be spread. And the court＇ s sobriety in the face of the public interest litigation is actually a state that is similar to Government Failure resulting from the court ＂s consideration in its own interest. At the same time, our present civil public interest litigation is very uncertain because the definition of public interest is obscure. It stimulates some people to abuse the public interest litigation in their own greatest interest. The best way to eliminate the irrational elements in our present civil public interest litigation is such incentive systems as empowering the spreading effect to the judgments of civil public interest litigation, and providing the plaintiffs of civil public interest litigation with proper money incentive.

关 键 词：公益诉讼 理性 经济分析 滥诉 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学]