美国博士生导师制度的演变历程、发展改革经验及启示  

The Evolution, Experiences of Reform and Inspiration from American Doctoral Tutor System

作　　者：李祖超[1] 熊艳[1] 张俐[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)高等教育研究所,副所长教授湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)研究生院学位办,副处长研究员湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2013年第12期63-68,共6页China Higher Education Research

摘　　要：美国博士生导师制度大体经历了摸索前进、规范确立、曲折发展、改革创新四个发展阶段,在博士生导师遴选制度、负责制度、聘任制度、评价激励制度方面日趋成熟。美国博士生导师制度在演变历程中的主要发展改革经验是:加强国际交流,学习国外经验;结合本国实际,凸显本土特色;适应社会需求,确保人才质量;强调规范管理,提倡各具特色。借鉴美国博士生导师制度的经验,我国可从实行导师组负责制、改革博导终身制、完善博士生导师评价制度、建立激励机制等方面着手,加强中国特色博士生导师制度的改革与创新。The American doctoral tutor system has probably experienced 4 phases： groping its way forward, regulating the specification, developing amidst twists and turns and reforming and innovation. After that, American tutor system has gradually grown in doctoral tutor selection system, responsibility, employment system and appraisal and motivating system. The significant evolution experiences of American doctoral tutor system are： increasing the internal communication and learning from other advanced experiences; focusing on the reality and highlighting local characteristics; meeting needs of society and ensuring quality of personnel; underlining standard management and advocating different characteristics. By learning from the American experiences, Chinese can improve our idiomatic doctoral tutor system from： implement tutor responsibility system, transforming tutor tenure system, consummating tutor evaluation system and forming the incentive system.

关 键 词：博士生教育 导师制度 改革 经验 美国 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]