不同心理弹性青少年在挫折情境下的认知特点  

Cognitive Characteristics of Adolescents With different Levels When Suffering Frustration

作　　者：王玉龙[1] 姚明[1] 邹淼[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《心理研究》2013年第6期40-44,共5页Psychological Research

基　　金：湖南省教育厅青年项目(12B076)

摘　　要：为探讨不同心理弹性水平的青少年在挫折情境下的认知特点,实验一采用2(心理弹性水平:高、低)×2(词汇:积极、消极)的混合实验设计对40名高中生进行短时记忆再认实验,实验二采用2(心理弹性水平:高、低)×2(图片-词汇:积极、消极)的混合实验设计对40名高中生进行长时记忆联想再认实验。实验一表明,在挫折情境下,高心理弹性组对积极词汇的短时记忆再认成绩显著高于对消极词汇的成绩;心理弹性水平和词汇性质的交互效应显著。实验二表明,在挫折情境下,高心理弹性组对积极图片—词汇的长时记忆联想再认成绩显著高于对消极图片—词汇的成绩,低心理弹性组的情况相反;心理弹性水平和图片—词汇性质的交互效应显著。结论:相比低心理弹性者,高心理弹性者在挫折情境下对积极信息有更多的选择偏向,并对积极信息有更多的认知加工,对消极信息有更少的认知加工。Objective： To explore the cognitive characteristics of adolescent with different resilience levels who is confronted with frustration situation. Methods： In experiment 1, 2（high- vs low-resilence） ×2（positive- vs passive-vocabulary） mixed experiment design and 40 adolescents in either a high- or low- resilence were required to finish a short-term memory recognition test after they had suffered frustration. In experiment 2, 2（high- vs low-resilence） ×2（positive- vs passive-vocabulary-picture） mixed experiment design and the same participants were required to finish a long-term memory associative recognition test af- ter they had suffered frustration. Results： In experiment 1, after suffering frustration, scores of the high- resilience grounp in positive-vocabulary was significant higher than that in passive-vocabulary. There was significant interaction effect between level of resilience and property of vocabulary. In experiment 2, after suffering frustration, scores of the high-resilience group in positive-picture-vocabulary was significant high- er than that in passive-vocabulary, and the low-resilience had a converse situation. There was significant interaction effect between level of resilience and property of picture-vocabulary. Conclusions： In contrast with low-resilience adolescents, high-resilience adolescents had more positive attentional biases, deeper cognitive processing on positive data and less cognitive processing on passive data when they were suffering frustration.

关 键 词：挫折情境 心理弹性 认知特点 青少年 

分 类 号：G441[哲学宗教—心理学]