利用碳法滤泥和木薯渣生产有机肥  

Organic fertilizer production by using carbonation filter mud and cassava residues

作　　者：王淑培[1,2] 李凯[1] 周昊[1] 陆海勤[1] 谢彩锋[1] 史昌蓉 

机构地区：[1]广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,南宁530005 [2]武夷学院茶与食品学院,福建武夷山354300

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2013年第11期1835-1840,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAE16B04);广西软科学研究计划项目(桂科软11217002-1);广西科技攻关项目(桂科能10100025)

摘　　要：【目的】进行碳法滤泥和木薯渣堆肥发酵研究,为滤泥和木薯渣快速资源化利用提供参考依据。【方法】以碳法滤泥和木薯渣为原料,设3个处理进行好氧堆肥发酵:木薯渣单独发酵处理(T1,对照)、木薯渣和碳法滤泥干重比1∶1(T2)、木薯渣和碳法滤泥干重比2∶1(T3),测定堆肥化过程中物料理化性质的变化情况。【结果】在堆肥过程中,T1处理由于初始pH较低,发酵过程受到抑制,在30 d堆腐结束时,未达到基本无害状态,种子发芽指数(GI)<50%,不能满足快速资源化处理的要求。堆腐结束时,T2处理和T3处理在55℃高温上维持时间均超过15 d,水分含量均高于35%,pH升高呈弱碱性;导电率(EC)降至安全范围;有机质的降解率分别为52.68%和51.75%;总养分(N+P2O5+K2O)分别为:3.12%和3.31%;发酵过程中腐植酸含量呈下降趋势;20 d左右达到完全腐熟状态,GI≥80%;满足无害化指标标准要求。【结论】木薯渣与碳法滤泥干重比为1∶1或2∶1,经过20 d的堆肥发酵后均达到无害化的腐熟标准,有机质降解率高。堆肥产品质量指标基本符合国家有机肥的标准,可用作土壤底肥或是添加N、P、K等营养元素制成高质量的有机肥。[Objective]This study focused on the aerobic composting process of carbonation filter mud and cassava residues to provide references for the rapid resource utilization of filter mud and cassava residues.[Method]With carbonation filter mud and cassava residues as raw materials,three treatments were designed for composting fermentation,i.e.,separate fermentation of cassava residue （T1）,cassava residue and carbonation filter mud to dry weight ratio 1∶1 for fermentation（T2） and to dry weight ratio 2∶1 for fermentation （T3）.The changes of physico-chemical properties of materials were measured during the composting process.[Result] During the composting,the fermentation process of T1 was suppressed due to the lower initial pH,and did not reach the basic harmless state （GI＜50％） in 30 d,which could not satisfy the need of rapid resource utilization.At the end of the composting,for T2 and T3 treatments,the above-55℃-temperature exceeded 15 days.Both of their moisture content was higher than 35％.The pH value increased to weak alkaline.The EC value decreased to a safe range.The degradation rates of organic matter were 52.68％ and 51.75％,and the total nutrients （N＋P2O5＋K2O） content were 3.12％ and 3.31％,respectively.The harmless indicators met the standards of organic fertilizer,and reached the maturity （GI≥80％） about 20 days.The humic acid content of each treatment showed a downward trend during fermentation.[Conclusion]The results showed that,carbonation filter mud and cassava residue composting with 1∶1 or 2∶1 ratio of dry weight could reach the standard of harmless decomposed standard in after fermentation of 20 d with high decomposing rate of organic matter.The quality indicators of compost products accorded with national organic fertilizer standard,hence they could be used for soil base fertilizer or top-quality organic fertilizer added with N,P and K.

关 键 词：碳法滤泥 木薯渣 混合配比 堆肥 发酵 无害化 有机降解率 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]