元认知视角下的强迫症的特征、模型及干预  

A Metacognition Approach to Characteristics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Model and Intervention

作　　者：柴晓运[1] 田永果[2] 龚少英[3,4] 刘影[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]湖北汽车工业学院心理健康教育中心,十堰442002 [2]河南城建学院心理咨询中心,平顶山467036 [3]青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室 [4]华中师范大学心理学院暨湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第1期97-103,共7页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：华中师大中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金科研项目(120002040498)

摘　　要：强迫症的元认知模型认为,元认知是理解强迫症病理的关键。强迫症患者存在错误的元认知知识信念、消极的元认知体验及不恰当使用元认知策略等问题。强迫症的元认知疗法强调思维过程(如自我聚焦注意、对担忧不变的思维风格和威胁调节的注意策略等)的重要性,而非思维的具体内容,并在个体心理干预、团体心理干预等研究中显示出较好的疗效。未来研究应从认知神经科学等视角考查强迫症的记忆等元认知特征,并进一步验证和修正强迫症的元认知模型。The metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） emphasizes that metacognitive beliefs are a key factor in OCD pathology. OCD patients have a series of metacognitive problems, such as incorrect metacognitive knowledge beliefs, negative metacognitive experiences and inappropriate use of metacognitive strategies. Metacognitive therapy for OCD has a good treatment efficacy in the individual intervention and group intervention study, with a focus on the importance of thinking processes （such as self-focused attention, perseverative thinking styles of worry, attention strategies of threat monitoring and so on） rather than the content of thoughts. Future research should examine the memory and other metacognitive characteristics for OCD from the perspectives of cognitive neuroscience and replicate and extend metacognitive model of OCD.

关 键 词：强迫症 元认知 元认知疗法 治疗 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]