福建长乐海域近江蛏营养成分分析与品质评价  

Nutritional component analysis and quality evaluation of Sinonovacula rivularis from Changle sea area of Fujian

作　　者：黄瑞[1] 艾春香[2] 林旭吟[1] 黄标武[1] 张云飞[1] 魏蓥江 赖汉城 

机构地区：[1]厦门海洋职业技术学院,福建厦门361012 [2]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2014年第1期96-104,共9页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：福建省发展和改革委员会农业"五新"推广资助项目(闽发改农业2010-452)

摘　　要：测试分析了福建长乐海域近江蛏(Sinonovacula rivularis)新鲜软体部的营养成分,并与部分经济蛏类进行比较.结果表明,近江蛏软体部的出肉率为48.1%±6.0%,软体部中的水分、蛋白质、脂肪和灰分质量分数分别为84.9%、9.4%、1.6%、1.4%.近江蛏软体部中含有人体所需的17种氨基酸(除色氨酸未测外),氨基酸含量为74.0 mg/g,必需氨基酸(C EAA)占氨基酸总量(C TAA)的37.2%,鲜味氨基酸(C FAA)占氨基酸总量(C TAA)的49.6%,17种氨基酸中谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高.根据AAS和CS评价,第一限制性氨基酸为苯丙氨酸(Phe).赖氨酸(lys)的AAS评分最高,超过FAO/WHO模式和鸡蛋蛋白质.软体部的必需氨基酸指数(I EAA)为100.06,必需氨基酸(EAA)与非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的比值(C EAA/C NEAA)为59.1%,必需氨基酸(EAA)与氨基酸总量(C TAA)的比值(C EAA/C TAA)为37.2%,构成比例均接近FAO/WHO提出的优质蛋白质标准.近江蛏软体部和足部的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量高于饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的含量,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)中又以高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)的组成为主,并且n-3PUFA的含量明显高于n-6 PUFA的含量;DHA和EPA含量丰富,软体部的EPA与DHA质量分数分别为4.4%、3.0%,EPA含量高于DHA的含量,两者之和分别占多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的80.4%、81.1%.近江蛏足部的PUFA含量、C n-3/C n-6比值以及C EPA+C DHA之和均高于软体部.近江蛏软体部中含有丰富的矿物质元素,尤其是Zn、Se含量十分丰富.表明近江蛏肌肉具有较高的营养价值.建议对近江蛏等底栖性贝类在食用前进行蓄养净化,并对其进行消费安全和人体健康风险评价.The nutritional composition in the muscle of Sinonovacula rivularis was analyzed and compared with that of some high quality razor clams. The results showed that the contents of flesh, water, crude protein, fat and crude ash in the clam were 48.1% ± 6.0%, 84.9%, 9.4%, 1.6%, and 1.4%, respectively. Seventeen amino acids which the human body needs （except tryptophan which had not been tested） are found in its edible part. The content of amino acids in the fresh edible part is 74. 0 mg/g, C EAA is 37.2% of the total content of amino acids while C FAA is 49.6% of the total. The content of glutamic acid is the highest among seventeen amino acids. According to the evaluation of AAS and CS, the first limited amino acid is phenylalanine. The AAS of lysine is highest rated, which is better than the module of the FAO/WHO and the standard of egg protein. The index of essential amino acidS（IEAA） is 100.06 in the soft part. The ratio between the EAA and non-essential amino acids（NEAA） is 59. 1%. The ratio between CEAA and the total content of CTAA is 37. 20%. The percentages of the structure are close to the standard of the top-quality protein proposed by FAO/WHO. The PUFA content of the unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） of edible part and the foot part of the clam is higher than that of SFA. The structure of PUFA is main part of the HUFA （highly unsaturated fatty acids） and the content of n-3PUFA is obviously higher than that of n- 6PUFA. The contents of DHA and EPA are rich. The mass fraction of EPA and DHA in the edible part is 4.4% and 3.0% respectively. The content of EPA is higher than that of DHA. The total contents of two account for 80. 4% and 81.1%, respectively, of the PFA. The PUFA content of the clam foot, the ratio between n-3 and n-6, and the sum of EPA and DHA are all higher than those of edible part. The edible part of the clam is full of mineral elements, especially for the high contents of Zn and Se, which indicate that the meat is of highly nutritional. However, when taken filter-feeding bi

关 键 词：海洋生物学 近江蛏 软体部 营养成分 品质评价 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]