国际班轮运输航线配船优化模型与蚁群算法  

Optimization model and ACO of ship assignment for international liner transportation

作　　者：焦新龙[1,2] 刘雪莲 王任祥 赵亚鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁波国际港口与物流研究中心,浙江宁波315211 [2]浙江大学管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2013年第6期69-75,共7页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51078049);浙江省中青年学科带头人学术攀登项目(pd2013430)

摘　　要：针对国际班轮运输的航线配船问题,分析了传统的动态航线配船模型。基于固定航线、船舶船型和数量,分析了货运量、港口使用费、燃油成本与过河费的影响。以最小经营成本作为目标函数,以船舶数量与运量作为约束条件,建立了一种新的航线配船优化模型。基于邻域搜索技术,利用蚁群算法求解模型,并选取3条具有代表性的航线进行实例验证。计算结果表明:在满足货运需求的前提下,3条航线优化后的成本分别为13 372.3、9 333.9、13 946.4万元,总成本为36 652.6万元,减少了110.6万元;采用遗传算法,3条航线的成本分别为13 405.1、9 341.6、14 012.7万元,总成本为36 759.4万元;采用模拟退火算法,3条航线的成本分别为13 398.5、9 339.7、13 985.9万元,总成本为36 724.1万元。国际班轮运输航线配船优化模型可行,蚁群算法针对航线配船模型具有较好的优势。Aiming at the ship assignment problem of international liner transportation, the traditional dynamic ship assignment models were analyzed. Based on the fixed routes, ship types and ship amount, the influences of freight volume, port charge, fuel cost and river-crossing cost were analyzed. The minium operating cost was taken as objective function, ship amount and ship transportation volume were taken as constraint conditions, and a new optimization model of ship assignment was set up. Based on the neighborhood search technology, ant colony optimization （ACO） was used to solve the model, and example verification was carried out by using three typical routes. Calculation result shows that when the freight transportation demand can be satisfied, the optimization costs of the three typical routes are 133 723 000, 93 339 000, 139 464 000 yuan respectively, the total cost is 366 526 000 yuan and reduces by 1 106 000 yuan. By using genetic algorithm, the costs of the three typical routes are 134 051 000, 93 416 000, 140 127 000 yuan respectively, the total cost is 367 594 000 yuan. By using simulated annealing algorithm, the costs of the three typical routes are 133 985 000, 93 397 000, 139 859 000 yuan respectively, the total cost is 367 241 000 yuan. The optimization model of ship assignment for international liner transportation is feasible, and ACO has good advantage on the optimization model of ship assignment. 8 tabs, 5 figs, 21 refs.

关 键 词：远洋运输 航线配船 优化模型 蚁群算法 成本控制 

分 类 号：U692.3[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]