现实预期与意愿预期在文本阅读中的保持  

The Preservation of Readers' Reality-predictive and Preference-predictive Inferences in Narrative Comprehension

作　　者：吕超[1,2] 莫雷[1] 伍丽梅[3] 陈琳[4] 罗雪莹[5] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心,广州510631 [2]深圳市育新学校,深圳518107 [3]暨南大学华文学院,广州510610 [4]中山大学国际汉语学院,广州510275 [5]华南师范大学国际文化学院,广州510631

出　　处：《心理学报》2014年第1期27-35,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB720700);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"说明文情境模型的构建及其促进策略的研究"(10YJCXLX048)

摘　　要：文本阅读中,读者往往对事件的后续发展进行预期推理。预期推理有两种倾向,要么是倾向于根据客观现实条件进行的现实预期,要么是倾向于根据主观的个人意愿进行的意愿预期。3个实验通过自定步调阅读范式探讨了文本阅读中读者产生的现实预期和意愿预期的保持。结果发现,现实预期和意愿预期在长时记忆中的保持情况差异明显,现实预期不能在长时记忆中保持,而意愿预期则能保持;但意愿预期也不能单独存在,会受到现实条件的制约,在受到现实否定后即时消退,不再影响读者的进一步阅读。Predictive inferences （PI） in text reading can have been defined as estimation and expectation to the upcoming matters in the text based on the current reading information. Research on PI in text reading has been one of the hotspots in the field of narrative reading. Numerous researchers have studied on the issues of activation, factors, and representation of contextual PI, coming up with various achievements. Reality factor andpreference factor are two main factors influencing the process of readers＇ PI, hence PI in text reading can be categorized into two different types： reality-PI and preference-PI. Reality-PI are PI to the results based on the objective situation of contextual information, combined with common experience. The readers will predict and infer based on their own emotion and preference, i.e., preference-PI. Previous studies on PI mainly focused on the processing mechanism of reality-PI, few focus on preference-PI. The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference of preservation of these two types of PI in long term memory. Three experiments were designed, using self-paced reading procedure. Experiment 1 and 2 have investigated the preservation of reality-PI and preference-PI in long term memory. Experiment 3 investigated whether preference-PI will vanish by negating the reality condition in the sentence which may trigger preference. Participants were asked to read short narratives firstly and answer a related question after reading each passage. All materials were presented on a computer-controlled monitor. Participants read the passages in a self-paced manner, advancing the text one line at a time by pressing the space bar. Participants were instructed to read carefully. The reaction time of the prime was recorded and analyzed. The results of the present study have suggested that there is obvious difference between the preservation of reality-PI and that of preference-PI in the long term memory. Preference-PI can be preserved in the long-term memory while reality-PI can n

关 键 词：预期推理 现实预期 意愿预期 保持 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]