创造力研究:心理学领域的四种取向  

The Research of Creativity:Four Approaches in Domain of Psychology

作　　者：贾绪计[1,2] 林崇德[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院发展心理研究所,北京100875 [2]潍坊医学院心理学系,潍坊261053

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期61-67,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"拔尖创新人才成长规律与培养模式研究"(11JZD040)

摘　　要：创造力研究对于社会进步和个人发展有重要意义,而这一意义的实现要以人们对创造力本身的深刻认识为前提。当前创造力研究有四种研究取向:创造力的认知心理学取向,关注无意识在创造性思维过程中的作用,同时为创造力的领域一般性和领域特殊性之争提供了综合性的理论阐释;创造力的发展心理学取向,关注创造力在不同年龄阶段的发展特点,强调早期经验、家庭、学校等因素对发展的影响;创造力的差异心理学取向,关注认知和人格因素在个体差异中的作用,并提出创造力与心理健康的关系要受到某些条件的制约,要同时考虑创造力领域、创造力的程度等;创造力的社会心理学取向,从重视个体创造力逐渐转向重视合作创造力。Creativity has important significance for social advances and personal development. It demands a comprehen- sive understanding of creativity itself as a precondition. There are four research approaches in the domain of psychology. Cognitive approach in creativity focuses on unconscious process in the role of creative thinking, and provides a comprehensive theoretical interpretation in domain-general and domain specific creativity. Developmental approach in creativity pays atten- tion to the developmental characteristics of creativity in different age periods,and stresses on the roles of early experiences, family,school. Individual differences approach in creativity focuses on the role of cognitive and personality factors,and pro poses that the relationship between creativity and mental health is subject to certain conditions, such as the domain of creativ-ity,levels of creativity. Social psychology approach in creativity changes the focus of research from individual creativity to collaborative creativity.

关 键 词：创造力 认识心理学 发展心理学 差异心理学 社会心理学 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]