整体论:卡尔纳普、蒯因和戴维森  

Holism: Carnap,Quine and Davidson

作　　者：夏国军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第1期43-53,共11页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部社会科学基金后期资助项目(12JHQ048)

摘　　要：整体论是比较研究卡尔纳普、蒯因和戴维森三位哲学家理论的理想视角之一。迪昂的整体论是这三位哲学家共同的思想源泉。卡尔纳普在选择理论语言框架、建构世界的逻辑体系、制定科学概念等重要方面对迪昂的整体论有所借鉴,但他在总体上依然是一个基础论者。他关于分析-综合的区分和还原论被蒯因批判为经验论的"两个教条",在此基础上,蒯因进一步丰富和发展了迪昂的整体论思想(蒯因的整体论观点有先激进后温和之分)。戴维森指出,蒯因的整体论仍然存在一个教条,即经验论最后一个教条,应加以抛弃并因此彻底解构经验论。尽管如此,蒯因的整体论仍旧成为戴维森探讨语言问题和心灵问题的有益的方法论。因此,戴维森的整体论实质上还是蒯因整体论的特例。在卡尔纳普、蒯因和戴维森之间所演绎的批判继承关系,使发端于迪昂的整体论的内涵与外延变得丰富起来。Holism is one of the ideal approaches that can be used in a comparative study of the theories of the three analyti- cal philosophers, namely Carnap, Quine and Davidson. Duhem＇s holism is one common source of thought for these three philosophers. Carnap borrowed ideas from Duhem＇s holism when he was choosing his theory＇s language framework, construc- ting the world＇s logical system, and formulating the concepts of science, though he was still a foundationalist at large. His division between analysis and synthesis and his reductionism were then criticized by Quine as ＂two doctrines＂ of empiri- cism..Quine moved on to enrich and further develop Duhem＇s holism （ Quine＇s holism was more radical at first and grew more moderate later）. However, Davidson pointed out that there was still one doctrine, empiricism＇s last doctrine, in Quine＇s holism, and that this doctrine should be discarded, so that empiricism could be completely deconstructed. Despite Davidson＇s criticism against Quine, Quine＇s holism still served as a beneficial methodology in helping Davidson explore problems related to language and mind. Consequently, Davidson＇s holism was in nature a special case of Quine＇s holism. The criticism and inheritance as can be found among Carnap, Quine and Davidson greatly enrich the connotation and deno- tation of holism that finds its origin in Duhem.

关 键 词：整体论 卡尔纳普 蒯因 戴维森 语言 意义 真理 

分 类 号：B81-09[哲学宗教—逻辑学]