About Bilingual Pragmatic Competence  

作　　者：Istvan Kecskes 

机构地区：[1]State University of New York, Albany, USA

出　　处：《现代外语》2014年第1期1-22,共22页Modern Foreign Languages

摘　　要：双语语用能力是双语研究中较少关注的议题。本文主要探讨成年双语者习得的语言及其相关社会-文化如何影响原有的语用知识与能力。作者假定双语者已具备一种由母语主导的语用能力,该能力可根据习得语言的社会-文化要求作出调整。母语语用能力发展与第二语言语用能力发展两者之间存在根本性差异,前者主要受制于社会-文化环境,后者则主要取决于个人的意愿和喜好。母语的语言发展过程与相关社会-文化的积累过程齐头并进,是一种潜意识、自动化、本能的过程,该过程主要依赖于社会-文化环境的性质及其直接接触,个人意愿对于社会技能和知识的获取影响有限。双语语用能力的发展过程则迥然不同,其主要特点是双语者可调控自己对二语的相关社会-文化范式和规约的接受程度。个人可根据自我调控、意识和意愿去调整现有的技能和行为模式,并选择性地获取某些社会技能,从而影响二语语用能力的发展过程。Abstract： This paper has a relatively limited scope. It focuses mainly on discussing how the emerging new language with its own developing socio-cultural foundation affects the existing L1- governed knowledge and pragmatic competence of adult sequential bilinguals. It is assumed that these bilinguals already have an Ll-governed pragmatic competence at place, which will be adjusted to accommodate the socio-cultural requirements of the new language（s）. I will argue that there is a basic difference between the development of pragmatic competence in L1 and the development of bilingual pragmatic competence. While the former is controlled mainly by the socio-cultural environment, the latter is mostly motivated by individual will and preference. In the L1 language development and social development go hand in hand as a subconscious, automatic and instinctive process in which the individual consciousness and willingness to acquire social skills and knowledge play a limited role. The whole process depends mainly on exposure to and nature of socio-cultural environment. Bilingual pragmatic competence, however, develops differently. The process is affected by individual control, consciousness and willingness to modify existing skills and behavior patterns and acquire particular social skills and ignore others.

关 键 词：双语 语用能力 社会一文化环境 双向语用推导 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]