佩雷尔曼新修辞学的论式系统  

The Argument Schemes System of Perelman's New Rhetoric

作　　者：李杨[1] 武宏志[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]延安大学21世纪新逻辑研究院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《政法论丛》2014年第1期115-123,共9页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：陕西省高水平大学学科建设项目之特色项目"批判性思维与非形式逻辑"(2012SXTS09)的中期研究成果

摘　　要：佩雷尔曼新修辞学恢复了古典论式理论的荣耀。新修辞学论式系统是对不确定条件下推理形式的分析,虽然这些推理形式是实践中不可或缺的,但笛卡尔时代以来一直被逻辑学家和知识理论家所忽视。论式是新修辞学论辩理论的核心。在新修辞学的论式系统里,亚里士多德"更可取的"topoi被用作与价值和价值层级相关联的推理前提——论证的出发点,因而与涉及推理形式的其他辩证推理发挥不同功能。新修辞学的论式在论辩中既生成说服力,也展现合理性;既与听众及其文化环境相联系,也通过论式的相反形式与论辩攻防相联系。新修辞学的论式,尤其是"准逻辑"论式与法律论证关系密切,对法律论证的辨识、结构分析、论证构建和批评有重要意义。Perelman＇ s New Rhetoric recovered the honor of the classic theory of topoi. The argument scheme system of New Rhetoric is the analysis of the forms of reasoning under the condition of uncertainty. Though such forms of reasoning are indispensable in practice, they had been ignored by logicians and knowledge theorists since Descartes time. Argument schemes are the core part of argumentation theory of New Rhetoric. In the argument scheme system of New Rhetoric, the topoi ＂ preferable＂ by Aristotle is used as the premise of reasoning relevant to value and value hiarachy the starting point of argument, thus plays a role different from other dialectic reasonings concering the forms of reasoning. The argument schemes of New Rhetoric not only produce persuasiveness, but also present reasonableness; they are related not only to audience and their cultural environment, but also to argument at- tack and defence through the opposite forms of argument. The argument schemes of New Rhetoric, especially ＂quasi -logical＂ argument schemes, are closely related to legal argument, and are significant to legal argument in terms of identification, structure analysis, argument construction and criticism.

关 键 词：佩雷尔曼 新修辞学 TOPOI LOCI 论式 法律论证 

分 类 号：DF0-051[政治法律—法学理论]